The kidney is essential for maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and metabolite homeostasis, and for regulating blood pressure. The pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for human renal physiology, offering insights across different physiological states. In this study, single-cell...

Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology, enabling fully automated behavior analysis. Existing multi-animal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-by-detection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down appr...

Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gut-associated Rhodobacteraceae species, critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei. Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essenti...

Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. While current studies have primarily focused on gene regulation mediated by full-length nuclear TDP-43, the potential effects of cytoplasmic ...

While the functions of body coloration have been well characterized in many animal taxa, the molecular mechanisms governing its production remain poorly understood. This study investigated the genetic and biochemical basis of yellow body coloration in a mutant form of the Yongzha...

The progressive impact of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection on gut microbial function in Litopenaeus vannamei remains poorly understood beyond static comparisons between healthy and infected individuals. To close this knowledge gap, metagenomic sequencing was used to ch...

Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milk-like secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring, yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-day-old unpaired non-lactating male pigeons (MN) and males ini...

Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the brain and is essential for brain development and neuronal function; however, its abnormal accumulation is also implicated in various neurological disorders. The olfactory bulb (OB), an early target in neurodegenerative diseases, a...

Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition. The gut microbiome, highly responsive to external environmental factors, plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may...

NLRP3 inflammasome activation is pivotal for cytokine secretion and pyroptosis in response to diverse stimuli, playing a crucial role in innate immunity. While extensively studied in mammals, the regulatory mechanisms governing NLRP3 activation in non-mammalian vertebrates remain...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and distinct neuropathological features, including amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and reactive astrogliosis. Developing effective diagnostic, preventative, and ...

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), characterized by profound immune system dysfunction, can lead to life-threatening infections and death. Animal models play a pivotal role in elucidating biological processes and advancing therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in ...

Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability. However, the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored. This study generated a diploid genome assembly fo...

Individuals with diabetes frequently face serious challenges, including delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection. Notably, the regeneration of hair follicles plays a crucial role in accelerating diabetic skin damage repair, reducing the risk of infection, and enhanci...

Animal models constructed using pathogenic factors have significantly advanced drug development for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These predominantly transgenic models, mainly in mice, replicate pathological phenotypes through gene mutations associated with familial AD cases, thus se...

Repressor elements significantly influence economically relevant phenotypes in pigs; however, their precise roles and characteristics are inadequately understood. In the present study, we employed H3K27me3 profiling, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with highthroughput ...

Hematopoiesis originates in the yolk sac, which forms prior to the establishment of blood circulation and exhibits distinct developmental processes between primates and mice. Despite increasing appreciation of yolk sac hematopoiesis for its lifelong contribution to the adult hema...

In group-living animals, chronic juvenile social isolation stress (SIS) can profoundly affect behavior and neuroendocrine regulation. However, its impact on social behavior in avian species, particularly regarding sex-specific neural circuit differences, remains underexplored. Th...

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with the majority of cases resulting from ischemic events due to arterial occlusion. Current therapeutic approaches focus on rapid reperfusion through intravenous thrombolysis and intravascular thrombectomy. Although thes...

As an essential transcriptional activator, PDX1 plays a crucial role in pancreatic development and β-cell function. Mutations in the PDX1 gene may lead to type 4 maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY4) and neonatal diabetes mellitus. However, the precise mechanisms underlyin...

Animals deploy diverse color-based defenses against predators, including crypsis, mimicry, aposematism, and masquerade. While crypsis, mimicry, aposematism have been extensively studied, the strategy of masquerade—where organisms imitate inedible or inanimate objects such as leav...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk, resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia, sepsis, drug toxicity, and diabetes mellitus. Numerous preclinical m...

Horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus, family Rhinolophidae) represent an important group within chiropteran phylogeny due to their distinctive traits, including constant high-frequency echolocation, rapid karyotype evolution, and unique immune system. Advances in evolutionary biolog...

The structural integrity of the sperm flagellum is essential for proper sperm function. Flagellar defects can result in male infertility, yet the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. CCDC181, a coiled-coil domain-containing protein, is known t...

Glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus) are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern. This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in the main body, although certain black and silver pigments re...

Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally, recognized for its scale, production, and economic value. However, its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks, resulting in rapid and massive mortality. etiological research often lags be...

The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates (NHPs) in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates. In recent years, significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studie...

Emerging evidence indicates that sleep deprivation (SD) can lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathological changes and cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we identified the existence of a microbiota-gut-brain axis in ...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally prevalent contagious disease caused by the positive-strand RNA PRRS virus (PRRSV), resulting in substantial economic losses in the swine industry. Modifying the CD163 SRCR5 domain, either through deletion or subst...

The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic (MP) exposure has been extensively explored, particularly concerning the gut, liver, testis, and lung. However, under natural conditions, these effects are not restricted to specific organs or tissues. Investigating whether ...

Magnetic sense, or termed magnetoreception, has evolved in a broad range of taxa within the animal kingdom to facilitate orientation and navigation. MagRs, highly conserved A-type iron-sulfur proteins, are widely distributed across all phyla and play essential roles in both magne...

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging ...

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells. Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system, including myelin sheath formation, axonal metabolism, and neuroplasticity regulation. Th...

Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and, in many cases, also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors, the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of suffering. The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN), composed of exte...

The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has emerged as a promising model for investigating adrenal steroid synthesis, but it is unclear whether the same cells produce steroid hormones and whether their production is regulated in the same way as in humans. Here, we com...

The placenta plays a crucial role in successful mammalian reproduction. Ruminant animals possess a semi-invasive placenta characterized by a highly vascularized structure formed by maternal endometrial caruncles and fetal placental cotyledons, essential for full-term fetal develo...

Breast cancer metastasis is responsible for most breast cancer-related deaths and is influenced by many factors within the tumor ecosystem, including tumor cells and microenvironment. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) constitute a small population of cancer cells with unique chara...

Testosterone is closely associated with lipid metabolism and known to affect body fat composition and muscle mass in males. However, the mechanisms by which testosterone acts on lipid metabolism are not yet fully understood, especially in teleosts. In this study, cyp17a1-/- zebra...

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, MMU) and crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different p...