Recent Advances in Attempts to Improve Recipient's Pregnancy Rate Following Bovine Embryo Transfer

Recent attempts to improve the recipients pregnancy rates via the improvement of embryo quality and the proper selection and management of recipients were discussed in this review.Embryo quality can be improved by two distinct pathways with regard to their origin.The quality of embryos produced by superstimulation can be improved by optimizing the dosage regimens and types of gonadotropin preparations and,recently,by monitoring the follicular dynamics and the quality of embryos produced by in vitro maturation,fertilization and development can be improved by co-culture with oviductal or granulosa cells,providing necessary nutrients,growth factors as well as optimizing the in vitro culture nvironment.The quality of the recipients can be guaranteed by following current guidelines regarding the genotypes,health,nutrition and physiology for proper selection and management of recipients.The future research trends in this endeavor were also considered in this review.