Hong-Yi Zheng, Tian-Zhang Song, Yong-Tang Zheng. 2024. Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models. Zoological Research, 45(4): 747-766. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062
Citation: Hong-Yi Zheng, Tian-Zhang Song, Yong-Tang Zheng. 2024. Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models. Zoological Research, 45(4): 747-766. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062

Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models

  • The distribution of the immune system throughout the body complicates in vitro assessments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunobiology, often resulting in a lack of reproducibility when extrapolated to the whole organism. Consequently, developing animal models is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the pathology and immunology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This review summarizes current progress related to COVID-19 animal models, including non-human primates (NHPs), mice, and hamsters, with a focus on their roles in exploring the mechanisms of immunopathology, immune protection, and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as their application in immunoprevention and immunotherapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differences among these animal models and their specific applications are also highlighted, as no single model can fully encapsulate all aspects of COVID-19. To effectively address the challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to select appropriate animal models that can accurately replicate both fatal and non-fatal infections with varying courses and severities. Optimizing animal model libraries and associated research tools is key to resolving the global COVID-19 pandemic, serving as a robust resource for future emerging infectious diseases.
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