Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae)

Min Li; Wen-Ting Chen; Qi-Lin Zhang; Min Liu; Cheng-Wei Xing; Ya Cao; Fang-Zhen Luo; Ming-Long Yuan

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418

Volume 43 Issue 4

Jul. 2022

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Min Li, Wen-Ting Chen, Qi-Lin Zhang, Min Liu, Cheng-Wei Xing, Ya Cao, Fang-Zhen Luo, Ming-Long Yuan. Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae). Zoological Research, 2022, 43(4): 566-584. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418

Citation:

Min Li, Wen-Ting Chen, Qi-Lin Zhang, Min Liu, Cheng-Wei Xing, Ya Cao, Fang-Zhen Luo, Ming-Long Yuan. Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae). Zoological Research, 2022, 43(4): 566-584. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418

Citation:

Min Li, Wen-Ting Chen, Qi-Lin Zhang, Min Liu, Cheng-Wei Xing, Ya Cao, Fang-Zhen Luo, Ming-Long Yuan. Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae). Zoological Research, 2022, 43(4): 566-584. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418

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Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae)

doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418

Min Li^{1, 2, #},
Wen-Ting Chen^{2, 3, #},
Qi-Lin Zhang^{4, #},
Min Liu^{2, 3},
Cheng-Wei Xing⁵,
Ya Cao^{1, 2},
Fang-Zhen Luo^{1, 2},
Ming-Long Yuan^{1, 2, 3
,
,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
2.
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
3.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
4.
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
5.
Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China

#Authors contributed equally to this work

Funds: This study was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program (2019QZKK0302), Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (20JR5RA252), and Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou University (20210010020, 20210010002)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yuanml@lzu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2022-02-27
Accepted Date: 2022-05-25

Published Online: 2022-05-27

Publish Date: 2022-07-18

Abstract

Abstract

Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators, with highly diverse morphology, ecology, and behavior. Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of spiders. Here, we performed comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis on 78 mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) representing 29 families; of these, 23 species from eight families were newly generated. Mesothelae retained the same gene arrangement as the arthropod ancestor (Limulus polyphemus), while Opisthothelae showed extensive rearrangement, with 12 rearrangement types in transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and control region. Most spider tRNAs were extremely truncated and lacked typical dihydrouridine or TΨC arms, showing high tRNA structural diversity; in particular, trnS1 exhibited anticodon diversity across the phylogeny. The evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes were potentially associated with gene rearrangement or truncated tRNAs. Both mitogenomic sequences and rearrangements possessed phylogenetic characteristics, providing a robust backbone for spider phylogeny, as previously reported. The monophyly of suborder, infraorder, retrolateral tibial apophysis clade, and families (except for Pisauridae) was separately supported, and high-level relationships were resolved as (Mesothelae, (Mygalomorphae, (Entelegynae, (Synspermiata, Hypochilidae)))). The phylogenetic positions of several families were also resolved (e.g., Eresidae, Oecobiidae and Titanoecidae). Two reconstructions of ancestral web type obtained almost identical results, indicating that the common ancestor of spiders likely foraged using a silk-lined burrow. This study, the largest mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis of spiders to date, highlights the usefulness of mitogenomic data not only for providing efficient phylogenetic signals for spider phylogeny, but also for characterizing trait diversification in spider evolution.
- Spiders,
- Mitochondrial genome,
- Gene rearrangement,
- Truncated tRNAs,
- Trait evolution,
- Phylogenomics

#Authors contributed equally to this work

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References(141)

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Supplements

Supplemenatey Data S3 Results for web trait evolution from PastML.zip
Supplemenatey Data S2 Phylogenetic trees.zip
Supplemenatey Figure S3 The alignments of 22 tRNAs.pdf
Supplemenatey Data S1 Sequence Alignment.zip
ZR-2021-418 Supplemenatey Materials.pdf