Abstract: What kind of prokaryotic cells did the eukaryotic cells originate from? This is an important basic biological problem,which has puzzled people for a long time.But in recent years,great achievements have been made to resolve such a problem due to the discovery and accumulating researches of archaebacteria.Here,similarities between archaebacteria and eukaryotic cells in many aspacts including DNA duplication,transcription,translation and histones,chromatin,proteasome were introduced.Finally,the evolutionary position of archaebacteria and their significance to origin of the eukaryotic cells were discussed.