昆明滇蛙的取食策略
The Feeding Strategy of Rana pleuraden from Kunming, China
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摘要: 目前国内研究两栖类食性选择或偏好多未考虑蛙胃内不同食物的丰盈程度与栖境不同食物资源是否存在相关性。在分析了采自昆明白龙寺和昆明石林西街口的494只滇蛙(Rana pleuraden)的食性的同时，分析了采自对应栖境中的食物资源组成。结果表明，滇蛙的食物成份与食物资源相具有稳定性，主要类群均为直翅目、同翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目和蛛形纲等8类。但又存在变异性，不同产地、不同年份和不同月份之间的蛙标本胃内的食物成分各类群的比例均不相同。主要食物成份与食物资源相的差异显著性分析、相关性分析和选择性分析等方面的结果均支持或证明：滇蛙对食物具有选择性或取食偏好。栖境的食物资源相与蛙胃内的食物成分不存在相关性 (白龙寺：r=0.077, P=0.575; 西街口：r=-0.086, P=0.500)。直翅目(Ei<-0.35)和同翅目(Ei<-0.37)昆虫是滇蛙取食时回避的食物，而对鞘翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目和蛛形纲等4个类群(Ei>0.45)具有明显偏好。Abstract: Until now, the correlation between the food found in a frog's stomach and the richness of food resources in their habitats were not fully considered when food selection of amphibians was studied in China. The diet of 494 specimens of Rana pleuraden were collected from Bailongsi and Xijiekou, Kunming, and the composition of the food resource in their habitats were investigated. The results showed that the food consumption of the frog and the food resource composition in the habitats were steady. The main groups of food resources were Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Arachnida. However, the proportion of each group varied among specimens from different localities, years and months of the year. Rana pleuraden also showed selectivity towards its food and/or prey, supported by the results of scientific analyses, such as the discrepancy significance analysis, the correlation analysis and the selectivity analysis between food consumption and food resources. There was no correlation between food resource found in the habitats and the food in the frog's stomach (Bailongsi: r=0.077, P=0.575; Xiejiekou: r=-0.086, P=0.500). The insects of Orthoptera (Ei<-0.35) and Homoptera (Ei<-0.37) were avoided when feeding. The insects of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Arachnida were the preferred prey for Rana pleuraden(Ei>0.45).
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