云南大山包越冬黑颈鹤迁徙路线的卫星跟踪
Satellite Tracking on the Migratory Routes of Wintering Black-necked Cranes at Dashanbao in Yunnan
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摘要: 2005年2月26日和3月1日在云南省昭通大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区，分别为4只越冬黑颈鹤佩戴卫星信号发射器（PTTs），跟踪研究其迁徙路线和迁徙停歇地。2005年春季迁徙中，有2只跟踪黑颈鹤到达繁殖地，其中1只黑颈鹤在2005年11月和2006年3月分别完成从繁殖地返回越冬地和从越冬地再次到达繁殖地的迁徙过程。2只春季迁徙黑颈鹤的迁徙路线大致相同——沿着长江上游金沙江、大渡河一直向北到达黄河上游白河及黑河沿岸若尔盖湿地内。春季迁徙过程中，途中停歇3—4次，总迁徙距离是674—713 km，迁徙全程所用时间3—4天。秋季迁徙全程所用时间8天。在4个PTTs工作期间，共确定有13个黑颈鹤迁徙停歇地，其中11个停歇地在河流滩地；其他2个停歇地在高山湖泊附近。总体上，黑颈鹤一般选择海拔在1 900 m以上湖泊、河流等湿地内，距离耕地较近且人、畜干扰较少的栖息地停歇。Abstract: Platform Transmitter Terminals (PTTs) were fitted onto four Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) at Dashanbao National Nature Reserve in northeast Yunnan Province on 26 February and 1 March, 2005, to study their migratory routes and stopover sites. Of the four birds, two successfully arrived at their breeding ground in late March and early April. Of the two cranes, one completed its autumn migration in November, 2005 and spring migration in March, 2006. During spring migration, the two cranes crossed over the Jinsha River and then the Dadu River, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. They finally arrived in the basins of the Baihe and Heihe Rivers, in the Ruoergai Marsh in the upper streams of the Yellow River. From wintering to breeding areas, these two birds traveled 674 km and 713 km respectively, stopped at three to four sites in Sichuan Province and took three to four days to travel this distance in spring 2005. The bird that completed its fall migration in 2005 took eight days. Based on location data from the PTTs, 13 stopover sites of the four Black-necked Cranes were confirmed in Sichuan Province, with an elevation over 1 900 m above sea level. Of the 13 sites, 11 were located on riversides and the other two were by alpine lakes.
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