昆明地区滇蛙与昭觉林蛙同域分布种群的生境利用比较
Comparison of Habitat Utilization Between Sympatric Populations of Rana pleuraden and R. chaochiaoensis in the Kunming Area
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摘要: 现有两栖类生境研究报道多局限于定性描述，缺乏定量数据和统计分析支撑。以蛙的发现点为圆心，作半径1 m的样圆，测量12个生态因子。调查共记录滇蛙(Rana pleuraden)133只和昭觉林蛙(Rana chaochiaoensis)62只。采用两独立样本t-检验和非参数Mann-Whitney U-检验比较两种蛙对同一生境的利用，结果表明，在干燥草地生境仅最高植物高度差异显著；湿润草地生境至水源距离和水百分比差异极显著，水草百分比和湿泥百分比差异显著；水体生境各种生态因子的差异均不显著。主成分分析结果显示，在不同生境中滇蛙和昭觉林蛙所选择的因子往往相同或者顺序颠倒，但这些因子的值几乎均是反向分离的，即小生境不相同。两种蛙的生境利用各有偏好。滇蛙日间活动主要在水体，而昭觉林蛙则在湿润草地和干燥草地。两种蛙对泥地生境利用都少。不同体长的滇蛙对水体生境利用度均较高。昭觉林蛙随着体长增加，对隐蔽条件好的湿润草地和干燥草地生境利用度增加，对水体的利用度减少。Abstract: Previous studies of the habitat utilization of amphibians in China have lacked robust descriptive and qualitative data. The aufhors measured 12 ecological factors in a one meter radius of each frog found in order to describe habitat utilization. One hundred and thirty-three individuals of Rana pleuraden and 62 of R. chaochiaoensis were found and recorded. Two independent sample T tests and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparison of habitat utilization between the two frog species. The results indicate that in dry grass niches, only the highest plant height is significantly. In moist grass niches, the distance to water and percentage of water in the habitat is highly significantly different; percentage of float grass and wet mud is also significantly different. In water bodies, various ecological factors are significantly different. The results of a principal components analysis show that in different niches, the main ecological factors selected by R. pleuraden and R. chaochiaoensis are usually the same or their order is reversed. However, the importance of these factors is almost opposite, which means that their niches are different. Habitat utilization is therefore different and is actively selected by the two frog species. R. pleuraden chooses to live mainly in water bodies while R. chaochiaoensis lives in moist grass and dry grass niches. Both species of frog utilize muddy niches less than other niches. The body size of R. pleuraden does not affect their use of water habitats. However, larger R. chaochiaoensis utilize moist grass and dry grass niches more often than smaller individuals due to the ability of these habitats to conceal larger animals. They also utilize water bodies less than smaller individuals.
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