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NathanE. Swanson, AndrewG. Gluesenkamp, AlexandraE. Donny, SuzanneE. McGaugh. 2023: 发展的环境有助于新的地下栖息物种性状的快速转变. 动物学研究, 44(4): 808-820. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.488
引用本文: NathanE. Swanson, AndrewG. Gluesenkamp, AlexandraE. Donny, SuzanneE. McGaugh. 2023: 发展的环境有助于新的地下栖息物种性状的快速转变. 动物学研究, 44(4): 808-820. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.488
Nathan E. Swanson, Andrew G. Gluesenkamp, Alexandra E. Donny, Suzanne E. McGaugh. 2023. Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats. Zoological Research, 44(4): 808-820. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.488
Citation: Nathan E. Swanson, Andrew G. Gluesenkamp, Alexandra E. Donny, Suzanne E. McGaugh. 2023. Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats. Zoological Research, 44(4): 808-820. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.488

发展的环境有助于新的地下栖息物种性状的快速转变

Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats

  • 摘要: 极端环境中近期栖息的生物为研究适应的早期步骤和快速趋同进化的潜力提供了独特的机会。然而,迁入过程中的表型变化也可能是由于对生存环境变化响应的可塑性造成的。该研究分析了迁入两个其原生范围之外的不同水域的墨西哥丽脂鲤(Astyanax mexicanus)的一系列形态和行为特征。研究发现地下种群和地表种群之间存在多种表型和行为差异,这些差异与在墨西哥相对古老的种群中观察到的类似。尽管存在这种快速的形态分化,我们发现这些性状的差异大部分是由于对生存环境的可塑性造成的。虽然对实验室饲养的鱼类进行的大多数性状测定表明野生鱼类的表型变化是可塑性的结果,但我们也发现了地下种群中存在的一些性状的遗传控制的证据。有趣的是,一种重要的地下觅食行为-贴壁行为,在实验室出生的地下种群鱼类中比在实验室出生的表层鱼类更强,这表明这一性状在地下和地表种群之间迅速分化。该研究揭示了地下进化的早期过程,确定了潜在的快速行为进化,并表明涉及探索行为的特征的可塑性可能促进适应地下生存。

     

    Abstract: Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution. However, phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing environment. Here, we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface, subterranean, and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras (Astyanax mexicanus) from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native range. We found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in Mexico. Despite this rapid morphological divergence, we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing environments. While most trait assays in common-garden, lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity, we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean populations. Interestingly, wall-following behavior, an important subterranean foraging behavior, was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish, suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface populations. Thus, this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution, identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution, and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.

     

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