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萧宝琳, 张智钧. 2023: 通过梯度下降算法分解用于小鼠腰骶脊髓运动测绘的光遗传运动基元力场. 动物学研究, 44(3): 604-619. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.276
引用本文: 萧宝琳, 张智钧. 2023: 通过梯度下降算法分解用于小鼠腰骶脊髓运动测绘的光遗传运动基元力场. 动物学研究, 44(3): 604-619. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.276
Paola Salmas, Vincent C. K Cheung. 2023. Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord. Zoological Research, 44(3): 604-619. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.276
Citation: Paola Salmas, Vincent C. K Cheung. 2023. Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord. Zoological Research, 44(3): 604-619. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.276

通过梯度下降算法分解用于小鼠腰骶脊髓运动测绘的光遗传运动基元力场

Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord

  • 摘要: 产生对生存至关重要的多样化运动行为是所有动物的中枢神经系统(CNS)面临的挑战。在运动执行期间,CNS执行复杂的计算以控制大量的神经肌肉骨骼元素。模块化运动神经控制理论提出脊髓中间神经元组织成离散的模块,这些模块可以由运动神经系统线性组合以产生各种行为模式。这些模块过去被表证为刺激诱发力场,力场包括肢体端点在肢体工作区不同位置产生的肌肉等长收缩力量。在该文中,我们询问由不同脊髓刺激引起的力场是否确实代表了运动控制的最基本单元,或者每个力场本身是有限数量的更基本的运动模块的组合。为了探索更基本的模块,我们用光遗传学刺激了有完整CNS及脊髓化的 Thy1-ChR2 转基因小鼠(n=21)的腰骶脊髓,从尽可能多的单一刺激位点(每只小鼠 20-70 个位点)以最低必要光度引发后肢端点力场。我们发现由此产生的各种力场无法通过仅几个聚类进行简单分类。我们使用梯度下降将力场进一步分解为它们的基本力场,其线性组合解释了力场的可变性。在小鼠中,我们确定了 4-5 个基本力场,它们沿着腰骶脊髓具有部分可定位但重叠的表征。基本力场的结构和脊髓分布方式使得从头端到尾端穿过腰骶脊髓的行波可能会产生摆动相到支撑相的后肢步态周期。这些基本力场可能代表更基本的运动神经控制子模块,而CNS可以灵活地合并这些子模块以生成用于构建不同行为的运动控制模块库。

     

    Abstract: Generating diverse motor behaviors critical for survival is a challenge that confronts the central nervous system (CNS) of all animals. During movement execution, the CNS performs complex calculations to control a large number of neuromusculoskeletal elements. The theory of modular motor control proposes that spinal interneurons are organized in discrete modules that can be linearly combined to generate a variety of behavioral patterns. These modules have been previously represented as stimulus-evoked force fields (FFs) comprising isometric limb-endpoint forces across workspace locations. Here, we ask whether FFs elicited by different stimulations indeed represent the most elementary units of motor control or are themselves the combination of a limited number of even more fundamental motor modules. To probe for potentially more elementary modules, we optogenetically stimulated the lumbosacral spinal cord of intact and spinalized Thy1-ChR2 transgenic mice (n=21), eliciting FFs from as many single stimulation loci as possible (20–70 loci per mouse) at minimally necessary power. We found that the resulting varieties of FFs defied simple categorization with just a few clusters. We used gradient descent to further decompose the FFs into their underlying basic force fields (BFFs), whose linear combination explained FF variability. Across mice, we identified 4–5 BFFs with partially localizable but overlapping representations along the spinal cord. The BFFs were structured and topographically distributed in such a way that a rostral-to-caudal traveling wave of activity across the lumbosacral spinal cord may generate a swing-to-stance gait cycle. These BFFs may represent more rudimentary submodules that can be flexibly merged to produce a library of motor modules for building different motor behaviors.

     

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