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郭伟健, 吴毅, 何锴, 胡义波, 王晓云, 余文华. 2023: 菊头蝠属物种演化机制的探讨. 动物学研究, 44(1): 169-182. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.265
引用本文: 郭伟健, 吴毅, 何锴, 胡义波, 王晓云, 余文华. 2023: 菊头蝠属物种演化机制的探讨. 动物学研究, 44(1): 169-182. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.265
Wei-Jian Guo, Yi Wu, Kai He, Yi-Bo Hu, Xiao-Yun Wang, Wen-Hua Yu. 2023. Unraveling the macroevolution of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus). Zoological Research, 44(1): 169-182. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.265
Citation: Wei-Jian Guo, Yi Wu, Kai He, Yi-Bo Hu, Xiao-Yun Wang, Wen-Hua Yu. 2023. Unraveling the macroevolution of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus). Zoological Research, 44(1): 169-182. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.265

菊头蝠属物种演化机制的探讨

Unraveling the macroevolution of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus)

  • 摘要: 生物物种分化机制是理解生物多样性形成、物种生态位及各类表型分化的内在核心,传统研究由于各种数据及技术限制仅能从单一的生物/非生物因素入手窥探物种历史分化机制。菊头蝠属(翼手目菊头蝠科)是该目的第二大属,在漫长的演化中形成表型及生态位各异的物种,是开展物种形成机制的天然素材。该研究通过整合各方面数据运用系统发育比较学等技术对菊头蝠属的宏进化历史进程予以分析,旨在阐明菊头蝠类群的历史物种分化驱动机制,及其与多种生物/非生物因素间的相互关系。研究表明,在物种分化的早期阶段菊头蝠属物种分化速率快速增长,随后持续下降;同时早期从亚洲扩散到东南亚及非洲的扩散事件塑造了现今的菊头蝠物种分布格局。通过整合体型、回声定位和气候生态位数据至系统发育学框架探讨其与物种形成间的内在关系,我们发现表型演化趋势与物种演化趋势不同步,这暗示着可能存在其他特殊因素驱动着菊头蝠物种表型的歧化进程。随后运用祖先状态重建及对物种演化速率与表型演化速率的结构方程模型分析,发现近缘物种分布区的重叠度与其支系的物种分化速率呈正相关,暗示着物种局部区域性的竞争潜在的驱动了后续的物种形成。综上所述,现今的菊头蝠物种多样性格局及表征状态是众多因素(生物地理学、环境因素和竞争)共同作用下塑造而成,要清晰理解类群多样性形成或维持的机制须从各方面多角度予以开展。

     

    Abstract: Unraveling the diversification mechanisms of organisms is a fundamental and important macroevolutionary question regarding the diversity, ecological niche, and morphological divergence of life. However, many studies have only explored diversification mechanisms via isolated factors. Here, based on comparative phylogenetic analysis, we performed a macroevolutionary examination of horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus), to reveal the inter-relationships among diversification, intrinsic/extrinsic factors, and climatic ecological niche characteristics. Results showed a general slowing trajectory during diversification, with two dispersal events from Asia into Southeast Asia and Africa playing key roles in shaping regional heterogeneous diversity. Morphospace expansions of the investigated traits (e.g., body size, echolocation, and climate niche) revealed a decoupled pattern between diversification trajectory and trait divergence, suggesting that other factors (e.g., biotic interactions) potentially played a key role in recent diversification. Based on ancestral traits and pathway analyses, most Rhinolophus lineages belonging to the same region overlapped with each other geographically and were positively associated with the diversification rate, implying a competitive prelude to speciation. Overall, our study showed that multiple approaches need to be integrated to address diversification history. Rather than a single factor, the joint effects of multiple factors (biogeography, environmental drivers, and competition) are responsible for the current diversity patterns in horseshoe bats, and a corresponding multifaceted strategy is recommended to study these patterns in the future.

     

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