Abstract: A new gobionine species, Microphysogobio oujiangensis sp. nov. , was collected from the Oujiang River Basin during field work in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province in 2021. The new species can be well distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: mouth shallow arc-shaped, width of cutting edge on upper jaw equal to half mouth width, central portion of anterior papillae arranged in one row with 6–10 well-developed papillae of equal size, medial pad on lower lip bisected into two squircle-shaped pads, and grooved; midventral region completely scaled and thorax scaleless, lateral line scales 36–38, pre-dorsal scales 8–10; barbel length 26.7%–31.4% of head length; eye diameter 30.9%–36.9% of head length, interorbital width 21.3%–27.6% of head length; posterior chamber of air-bladder weak, length smaller than half eye diameter. Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on the cyt b gene sequence and species delineation also supported the specimens as a distinct species, sister to M. brevirostris (Günther, 1868).