冰山一角：中国东北长白山脉幽灵蛛属蜘蛛（蜘蛛目，幽灵蛛科）的物种多样性

Zhi-Yuan Yao; Xiang Wang; Shu-Qiang Li

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.037

冰山一角：中国东北长白山脉幽灵蛛属蜘蛛（蜘蛛目，幽灵蛛科）的物种多样性

doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.037

姚志远^{1, 3, 4, ,},
王翔¹,
李枢强^2, ,

1.
沈阳师范大学生命科学学院，辽宁沈阳110034，中国
2.
中国科学院动物研究所，北京100101，中国
3.
辽宁省生物进化与生物多样性重点实验室，辽宁沈阳110034，中国
4.
辽宁省高校生物系统进化与农业生态重点实验室，辽宁沈阳110034，中国

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-02
- 录用日期: 2021-03-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-18

Tip of the iceberg: species diversity of Pholcus spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) in the Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

Zhi-Yuan Yao^{1, 3, 4
, ,},
Xiang Wang¹,
Shu-Qiang Li^{2
, ,}

1.
College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
2.
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3.
Liaoning Key Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
4.
Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Evolution and Agricultural Ecology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31872193) and the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1907150). Part of the laboratory work was supported by the Shenyang Youth Science and Technology Project (RC200183)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yaozy@synu.edu.cn; lisq@ioz.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 分类学家在过去250年记录了120余万种生物，相对于生活在地球上的生物种类而言，这只是冰山一角。我们对中国东北长白山脉幽灵蛛属蜘蛛进行了为期一个月的野外调查，为揭示特定区域潜在的物种多样性提供了范例。长白山脉幽灵蛛属此前仅记录14个特有种（全部隶属于蓬幽灵蛛种团）和2个广布种（隶属于隐蔽幽灵蛛种团）。基于形态和三种分子物种界定方法对所采集标本进行研究，我们共发现蓬幽灵蛛种团11个新种：盖州幽灵蛛 Pholcus gaizhou sp. nov. 、灌水幽灵蛛 P. guanshui sp. nov. 、鸡冠山幽灵蛛 P. jiguanshan sp. nov. 、龙溪谷幽灵蛛 P. longxigu sp. nov. 、罗圈背幽灵蛛 P. luoquanbei sp. nov. 、沈师幽灵蛛 P. shenshi sp. nov. 、天门山幽灵蛛 P. tianmenshan sp. nov. 、望江幽灵蛛 P. wangjiang sp. nov. 、行淇幽灵蛛 P. xingqi sp. nov. 、药山幽灵蛛 P. yaoshan sp. nov. 和玉皇山幽灵蛛 P. yuhuangshan sp. nov. 。本研究使长白山脉蓬幽灵蛛种团达到了25种，是以前物种数的将近两倍，这暗示了该地区节肢动物多样性被严重低估。
- 分类学 /
- 分子物种界定 /
- 形态学 /
- 新种 /
- 东北亚
Abstract: Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued, known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth, and thus, the known species are only the tip of iceberg. Here, we investigated the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 of the family Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850 in the Changbai Mountains, Northeast China, which provides an excellent case of high species diversity. Previously, only 14 endemic Pholcus spiders, all belonging to the P. phungiformes species group, and two introduced species P. manueli Gertsch, 1937 and P. zichyi Kulczyński, 1901 from the P. crypticolens species group, have been recorded from this area. Our study confirmed 11 new species of the P. phungiformes species group based on morphology and three methods of molecular species delimitation: P. gaizhou Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. guanshui Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. jiguanshan Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. longxigu Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. luoquanbei Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. shenshi Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. tianmenshan Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. wangjiang Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. xingqi Yao & Li, sp. nov. , P. yaoshan Yao & Li, sp. nov. , and P. yuhuangshan Yao & Li, sp. nov. This study brings the fauna of the P. phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains to 25 species, approximately two times more than previously known, which could indicate that species diversity in the area is underestimated for all arthropod fauna.
- Taxonomy /
- Morphology /
- Molecular species delimitation /
- New species /
- Northeast Asia

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Figure 1. Distribution records of the Pholcus phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains, China

1: P. decorus; 2: P. fengcheng; 3: P. foliaceus; 4: P. gaizhou sp. nov.; 5, 6: P. gaoi (5 from type locality); 7: P. guanshui sp. nov.; 8: P. hamatus; 9: P. jiguanshan sp. nov.; 10: P. jiuwei; 11, 12: P. lingulatus (11 from type locality); 13: P. longxigu sp. nov.; 14: P. luoquanbei sp. nov.; 15: P. ningan; 16: P. phoenixus; 17: P. shenshi sp. nov.; 18, 19: P. sublingulatus (19 from type locality); 20: P. tianmenshan sp. nov.; 21: P. tongi; 22: P. wangi; 23: P. wangjiang sp. nov.; 24: P. wangtian; 25, 26: P. xianrendong (25 from type locality); 27: P. xingqi sp. nov.; 28: P. yaoshan sp. nov.; 29: P. yuhuangshan sp. nov.

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Figure 2. A simplified phylogenetic tree and the results of species delimitation analyses

A: The neighbor-joining tree constructed based on COI barcode sequences (different species delimitation methods are presented on the right, different colors of the bars represent the different species); B: Distal part of procursus in prolateral view of the P. phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains, China (1: P. decorus; 2: P. fengcheng; 3: P. foliaceus; 4: P. gaizhou sp. nov.; 5: P. gaoi; 6: P. guanshui sp. nov.; 7: P. hamatus; 8: P. jiguanshan sp. nov.; 9: P. jiuwei; 10: P. lingulatus; 11: P. longxigu sp. nov.; 12: P. luoquanbei sp. nov.; 13: P. ningan; 14: P. phoenixus; 15: P. shenshi sp. nov.; 16: P. sublingulatus; 17: P. tianmenshan sp. nov.; 18: P. tongi; 19: P. wangi; 20: P. wangjiang sp. nov.; 21: P. wangtian; 22: P. xianrendong; 23: P. xingqi sp. nov.; 24: P. yaoshan sp. nov.; 25: P. yuhuangshan sp. nov.).

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