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王智凝, 杨立, 范朋飞, 张璐. 2021: 中国食肉目研究中的物种偏倚与溢出效应. 动物学研究, 42(3): 354-361. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.033
引用本文: 王智凝, 杨立, 范朋飞, 张璐. 2021: 中国食肉目研究中的物种偏倚与溢出效应. 动物学研究, 42(3): 354-361. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.033
Zhi-Ning Wang, Li Yang, Peng-Fei Fan, Lu Zhang. 2021: Species bias and spillover effects in scientific research on Carnivora in China. Zoological Research, 42(3): 354-361. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.033
Citation: Zhi-Ning Wang, Li Yang, Peng-Fei Fan, Lu Zhang. 2021: Species bias and spillover effects in scientific research on Carnivora in China. Zoological Research, 42(3): 354-361. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.033

中国食肉目研究中的物种偏倚与溢出效应

Species bias and spillover effects in scientific research on Carnivora in China

  • 摘要: 科学研究可以为濒危物种的保护提供必要的信息。然而,研究不足造成的数据缺乏会阻碍保护计划的制定,而研究偏倚则可能会导致有限的研究资源被不恰当地分配至生物多样性较低的地区或受威胁程度较低的物种。为了确定中国食肉目研究中的物种偏倚与研究空缺,该文对中国食肉目动物相关的论文发表、基金资助与人才培养进行了系统梳理。同时,我们收集了食肉目动物的生物学和生态学特征,使用广义线性模型来确定影响对其研究强度的因素。我们发现中国的食肉目研究在2000年后有大幅度增长,然而物种偏倚一直存在。熊科和大型猫科动物获得了较多的研究,而中小型食肉目动物相关研究很少,研究数量的分布符合80/20法则(二八现象)。模型显示分布区在中国境内比例较大或在中国的保护等级较高的物种获得了更多的研究。作为中国物种保护的标志,大熊猫获得的研究资源占整个食肉目研究资源的一半。同时,大熊猫研究存在溢出效应,即部分在博士期间进行大熊猫研究的人员在毕业后转而研究其他物种,这种溢出可能有益于其他物种的研究。为了提升与加强食肉目动物的研究与保护,我们建议增加对受忽视物种的投入,培养更多的学生,并加强学术交流。如果没有这些行动,很多食肉目动物将持续面临数据缺乏的困境并且受到威胁。

     

    Abstract: Scientific research provides essential information for conservation of threatened species. Data deficiency due to insufficient research impedes the design of conservation plans, and research bias may mistakenly direct limited resources to low biodiversity regions or less threatened species. Here, we conducted a systematic review of published papers, grants, and graduate student training on carnivorans in China to identify species bias and research gaps. Furthermore, we collected intrinsic and extrinsic features of carnivorans, and identified features that impact research intensity using generalized linear models. We found that the amount of research on carnivorans increased markedly after 2000, but species bias existed. Bears and big cats received the greatest research attention, while most small- and medium-sized carnivorans received little attention, thus showing the 80-20 phenomenon. Species with a higher level of endemism and protection under Chinese law received more consideration. As an animal conservation icon in China, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) attracted more than 50% of overall carnivoran research resources. However, the giant panda also showed spillover effects, i.e., post-doctoral graduates who studied the giant panda shifted their research focus to other species after graduation, which may help improve research on other species. Thus, to improve and strengthen Carnivora research and conservation, we suggest investing greater effort in species of less concern, training of more graduate students, and reinforcing academic exchange. If such actions are not taken, many carnivoran species will continue being data deficient and threatened.

     

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