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AlhajeriBader H.. 2021: 跳鼠的头骨变异:基于几何形态学研究. 动物学研究, 42(2): 182-194. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.302
引用本文: AlhajeriBader H.. 2021: 跳鼠的头骨变异:基于几何形态学研究. 动物学研究, 42(2): 182-194. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.302
Bader H. Alhajeri. 2021: Cranial variation in allactagine jerboas (Allactaginae, Dipodidae, Rodentia): a geometric morphometric study. Zoological Research, 42(2): 182-194. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.302
Citation: Bader H. Alhajeri. 2021: Cranial variation in allactagine jerboas (Allactaginae, Dipodidae, Rodentia): a geometric morphometric study. Zoological Research, 42(2): 182-194. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.302

跳鼠的头骨变异:基于几何形态学研究

Cranial variation in allactagine jerboas (Allactaginae, Dipodidae, Rodentia): a geometric morphometric study

  • 摘要: 五趾跳鼠亚科(Allactaginae)是跳鼠科的一个亚科,包括四趾和五趾跳鼠(五趾跳鼠属Allactaga, 沙漠跳鼠属Allactodipus, 东方五趾跳鼠属Orientallactaga, 肥尾跳鼠属Pygeretmus, 小五趾跳鼠属Scarturus),栖息于亚洲和北非的开阔地带。近期已有的分子系统发育研究颠覆了人们对这个类群的分类认识。为此,基于修订后的分类观点,该研究使用头骨几何形态学方法检测了该亚科14个物种219号标本的头骨变异 (Allactaga major, A. severtzovi, Orientallactaga balikunica, O. bullata, O. sibirica, Pygeretmus platyurus, P. pumilio, P. shitkovi, Scarturus aralychensis, S. euphraticus, S. hotsoni, S. indicus, S. tetradactylus, S. williamsi)。结果显示没有头骨具有显著的大小和形状性二型,但物种的头骨大小和形状在总体和物种对上存在显著差异,且物种自身对头骨大小和形状有很大影响。没有证据表明具有独特的物种异速生长模式,大多数样本都符合常见的异速生长回归向量,只有一小部分头骨形状的变化呈现出异速生长。五趾跳鼠属Allactaga体型最大,其后依次是东方五趾跳鼠属Orientallactaga,小五趾跳鼠属Scarturus, 与肥尾跳鼠属Pygeretmus。以听泡膨大、颧骨弓和吻部缩小为主要特征的主成分1(PC1)可将O. bullata+O. balikunica+S. hotsoni与A. major+A. severtzovi+O. sibirica分开,以颅底和吻部增大,颧弓和枕骨大孔减少为主要特征的主成分2(PC2)可将东方五趾跳鼠属Orientallactaga与小五趾跳鼠属Scarturus+肥尾跳鼠属Pygeretmus分开。而基于非加权组平均法(UPGMA)的聚类分析发现该亚科仅包含4个属,但是,S. hotsoniO. bullata+O. balikunica聚为一支,O. sibiricaA. major+A. severtzovi聚为一支,可能是分别缘于趋同进化和异速生长。

     

    Abstract: Allactaginae is a subfamily of dipodids consisting of four- and five-toed jerboas (Allactaga, Allactodipus, Orientallactaga, Pygeretmus, Scarturus) found in open habitats of Asia and North Africa. Recent molecular phylogenies have upended our understanding of this group’s systematics across taxonomic scales. Here, I used cranial geometric morphometrics to examine variation across 219 specimens of 14 allactagine species (Allactaga major, A. severtzovi, Orientallactaga balikunica, O. bullata, O. sibirica, Pygeretmus platyurus, P. pumilio, P. shitkovi, Scarturus aralychensis, S. euphraticus, S. hotsoni, S. indicus, S. tetradactylus, S. williamsi) in light of their revised taxonomy. Results showed no significant sexual size or shape dimorphism. Species significantly differed in cranial size and shape both overall and as species pairs. Species identity had a strong effect on both cranial size and shape. Only a small part of cranial shape variation was allometric, with no evidence of unique species allometries, and most specimens fit closely to the common allometric regression vector. Allactaga was the largest, followed by Orientallactaga, Scarturus, and finally Pygeretmus. Principal component 1 (PC1) separated O. bullata+O. balikunica+S. hotsoni (with inflated bullae along with reduced zygomatic arches and rostra) from A. major+A. severtzovi+O. sibirica (with converse patterns), while PC2 differentiated Orientallactaga (with enlarged cranial bases and rostra along with reduced zygomatic arches and foramina magna) from Scarturus+Pygeretmus (with the opposite patterns). Clustering based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) contained the four genera, but S. hotsoni clustered with O. bullata+O. balikunica and O. sibirica clustered with A. major+A. severtzovi, likely due to convergence and allometry, respectively.

     

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