利用线粒体基因组探讨云南鳅族五个属的系统分类

Li-Na Du; Jian Yang; Rui Min; Xiao-Yong Chen; Jun-Xing Yang

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.229

利用线粒体基因组探讨云南鳅族五个属的系统分类

doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.229

杜丽娜^{1, 2, ,},
杨剑³,
闵锐⁴,
陈小勇^{4, 5},
杨君兴^{4, 6, 7, ,}

1.
广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室，广西桂林541004，中国
2.
广西师范大学广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室，广西桂林 541004，中国
3.
南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室，广西桂林530001，中国
4.
中国科学院昆明动物研究所，云南昆明650223，中国
5.
中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心，内比都耶津05282，缅甸
6.
中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室，中国科学院种子创新研究院，云南昆明650224，中国
7.
云南省高原鱼类育种重点实验室，云南省高原湖泊健康与修复工程研究中心，云南昆明650224，中国

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-28
- 录用日期: 2021-03-24
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-07
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-18

A review of the Cypriniform tribe Yunnanilini Prokofiev, 2010 from China, with an emphasis on five genera based on morphologies and complete mitochondrial genomes of some species

Li-Na Du^{1, 2
, ,},
Jian Yang³,
Rui Min⁴,
Xiao-Yong Chen^{4, 5},
Jun-Xing Yang^{4, 6, 7
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
4.
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
5.
Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
6.
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
7.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding, Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau-Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Middle-Aged and Young Teachers’ Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi, China (2020KY02026), Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education (ERESEP2020Z22), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University (19A0104), Special Funds for Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZSBR-011), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872202, NSFC 31860600, U1702233, 31800454), Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y4ZK111B01), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2017GXNSFFA198010), and Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Foundation (202003AD150017, 2019BC002), and Sino BON-Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: dulina@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn; yangjx@mail.kiz.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 条鳅科鱼类是一类在生态学上具有重要性，在分类学上具有挑战性的淡水鱼类，广泛分布在亚洲大陆和临近岛屿，以及欧洲和非洲东北部。全世界记录条鳅科种类有47属、758种，其中，在中国有记录的有22属、268种。Prokofiev（2010）基于40个形态特征将条鳅科种类分为5个族，即Vaillantellini、北鳅族Lefuini、云南鳅族Yunnanilini、高原鳅族Triplophysini和条鳅族Nemacheilini。利用条鳅科部分种的线粒体基因组，对云南鳅族的系统发育关系及其物种的分类地位进行研究。分子结果暗示：首先，云南鳅族不是单系的，云南鳅族种类被分为三支：黑斑云南鳅（Y. nigromaculatus）构成独立的一支，位于树的基部； Petruichthys brevis与条鳅族的南鳅属（Schistura）种类形成姐妹群；小条鳅属（Micronemacheilus）、异条鳅属（Paranemachilus）、沙猫鳅属（Traccatichthys）、云南鳅属（Yunnanilus）与北鳅族的北鳅属（Lefua）、岭鳅属（Oreonectes）和洞鳅属（Troglonectes）交互聚在一起；四川云南鳅（Y. sichuanensis）与高原鳅属种类聚为一支。其次，系统发育结果不支云南鳅属的单系性，黑斑云南鳅形成一个单系，与条鳅科其它种类形成姐妹群；靖西云南鳅（Y. jinxiensis）与颊鳞异条鳅（P. genelepis）聚成一个单系，而丽纹云南鳅（Y. pulcherrimus）与Micronemachelus cruciatus聚为一个单系。　　在形态上，Eonemachilus（中文名：始条鳅属）、间条鳅属、小条鳅属、异条鳅属、原条鳅属、中条鳅属和云南鳅属可依据前、后鼻孔的位置、唇部结构、颊部是否被鳞，以及头部侧线管是否存在等联合性状，将这些属区分开来，如间条鳅属、异条鳅属、原条鳅属和沙猫鳅属的前、后鼻孔相邻，而始条鳅属、小条鳅属和云南鳅属的前、后鼻孔分开一小段距离。此外，异条鳅属颊部被鳞，而其它属种类颊部无鳞。小条鳅属和沙猫鳅属的上下唇均有较大的乳突。　　在该研究中，依据分子和形态结果，将丽纹云南鳅移入小条鳅属；长须云南鳅和白莲云南鳅移到间条鳅属；靖西云南鳅移到异条鳅属。此外，原云南鳅属中黑斑云南鳅种组的种类被移到始条鳅属。　　该研究尚存在一些不足，首先，因缺少间条鳅属模式种——郑氏间条鳅的组织样本，对于间条鳅属的分类地位及其系统发育关系尚未解决；其次，因缺少越南种类Micronemachelus cruciatus的标本，依据文献描述，该种与丽纹小条鳅在形态上不易区分，丽纹小条鳅与M. cruciatus的关系还有待进一步的研究；最后，后鳍云南鳅是目前仅记录于广西的云南鳅属的种类，虽然，蓝家湖等（2013）将其从岭鳅属分离出来，并移到云南鳅属，但是，后鳍云南鳅的前鼻孔形态与云南鳅属其它种类间的差别较大，该种是否为云南鳅属种类，还有待进一步的证实。
- 始条鳅属 /
- 间条鳅属 /
- 小条鳅属；异条鳅属；云南鳅属 /
- 系统分类
Abstract: The loach tribe Yunnanilini from China is reviewed here using morphological characters and complete mitochondrial genomes of select species. Molecular data suggest that the tribe Yunnanilini is not monophyletic and can be divided into three clades. Species of the Yunnanilus nigromaculatus group form an independent genus and are placed in Eonemachilus. In the phylogenetic tree, Y. jinxiensis clusters with Paranemachilus genilepis, and Y. pulcherrimus clusters with Micronemacheilus cruciatus, indicating that Y. jinxiensis and Y. pulcherrimus belong to Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus, respectively. Based on morphological data, Y. bailianensis and Y. longibarbatus are placed in Heminoemacheilus, while Y. jinxiensis and Y. pulcherrimus, are placed in Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus, respectively. Yunnanilus niulanensis and Y. qujinensis are treated as junior synonyms of Eonemachilus caohaiensis. Eonemachilus, Micronemacheilus, and Yunnanilus are show short separation between anterior and posterior nostrils. The genera can be distinguished from each other by mouth structure, lateral line and cephalic lateral-line canals, and papillae on median part of both lips. The anterior and posterior nostrils of Heminoemacheilus and Paranemachilus are closely set. Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus are distinguished by cheeks covered with scales and lips with papillae, respectively. Our phylogenetic tree and morphological characters support Traccatichthys as a valid genus, which can be distinguished from Micronemacheilus by anterior and posterior nostrils closely set (vs. clearly separated). Four species are placed in Traccatichthys.
- Eonemachilus /
- Heminoemacheilus /
- Micronemacheilus, Paranemachilus, Yunnanilus /
- Taxonomy

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Figure 1. Bayesian phylogram of Yunnanilini based on mitochondrial genomes of 22 nemacheilid and two botiid species (outgroups)

Round represents four tribes: Red, Yunnanilini; Blue, Nemacheilini; Green, Lefuini; Brown, Triplophysini. Black square is currently recognized Yunnanilus species.

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Figure 2. The types of lower lip, cephalic lateral-line pores and nostrils in Yunnanilini

A–D: Lower lip. A: Micronemacheilus pulcherrimus, with papillae; B: Yunnanilus pleurotaenia; C: Paranemachilus jinxiensis, with two strong furrows on each side, D: Y. chui, with slight furrows. E, F: Y. jiuchiensis, cephalic lateral-line pores. G: Eonemachilus caohaiensis, anterior and posterior nostrils well separated. H: Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani, anterior and posterior nostrils closely set. Abbreviations: A1+A2: Infraorbital canal; AN: Anterior nostril; B: Supraorbital canal; C: Supratemporal canal; D: Preoperculomandibular canal; F: Furrow; N: Nostril; P: Papillae; PN: Posterior nostril. Scale bar: 1 mm.

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Figure 3. Map showing distribution of species of Eonemachilus, Heminoemacheilus, Paranemachilus, Micronemacheilus, and Yunnanilus

Red represents Eonemachilus, E1: E. altus; E2: E. bajiangensis; E3: E. caohaiensis; E4: E. longidorsalis; E5: E. niger; E6: E. nigromaculatus; E7: E. obtusirostris; E8: E. pachycephalus; E9: E. yangzonghaiensis. Purple represents Heminoemacheilus: H1: H. bailianensis; H2: H. longibarbatus; H3: H. zhengbaoshani; H4: H. hyalinus. Blue represents Micronemacheilus: M: M. pulcherrimus. Green represents Paranemachilus: P1: P. genilepis; P2: P. jinxiensis; P3: P. pingguoensis. Black represents Yunnanilus: Y1: Y. analis; Y2: Y. beipanjiangensis; Y3: Y. chui; Y4: Y. discoloris; Y5: Y. elakatis; Y6: Y. forkicaudalis; Y8: Y. jiuchiensis; Y9: Y. longibulla; Y10: Y. macrogaster; Y11: Y. macrositanus; Y12: Y. macrolepis; Y13: Y. nanpanjiangensis; Y14: Y. paludosus; Y15: Y. parvus; Y16: Y. pleurotaenia; Y17: Y. retrodorsalis; Y18: Y. sichuanensis; Y19: Y. spanisbripes; Y20: Y. chuanheensis.

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