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佴文惠, 王金焕, 苏伟婷, 胡怡, 何水旺, 蒋学龙, 何锴. 2018: 基于核型和PCR方法对中国人工驯养黑冠长臂猿属(Nomascus)的物种鉴定. 动物学研究, 39(5): 356-363. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036
引用本文: 佴文惠, 王金焕, 苏伟婷, 胡怡, 何水旺, 蒋学龙, 何锴. 2018: 基于核型和PCR方法对中国人工驯养黑冠长臂猿属(Nomascus)的物种鉴定. 动物学研究, 39(5): 356-363. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036
Wen-Hui Nie, Jin-Huan Wang, Wei-Ting Su, Yu Hu, Shui-Wang He, Xue-Long Jiang, Kai He. 2018: Species identification of crested gibbons (Nomascus) in captivity in China using karyotyping- and PCR-based approaches. Zoological Research, 39(5): 356-363. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036
Citation: Wen-Hui Nie, Jin-Huan Wang, Wei-Ting Su, Yu Hu, Shui-Wang He, Xue-Long Jiang, Kai He. 2018: Species identification of crested gibbons (Nomascus) in captivity in China using karyotyping- and PCR-based approaches. Zoological Research, 39(5): 356-363. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036

基于核型和PCR方法对中国人工驯养黑冠长臂猿属(Nomascus)的物种鉴定

Species identification of crested gibbons (Nomascus) in captivity in China using karyotyping- and PCR-based approaches

  • 摘要: 长臂猿科的长臂猿和合趾猿(合称小猿)染色体进化速率比大部分的哺乳动物都快,这一方面加快了小猿物种的分化和成种速率,另一方面也为使用核型技术进行物种鉴定提供了理论基础。然而核型的差异化并未导致完全生殖隔离,在人工驯养环境下,种间杂交可以发生于同属、甚至是不同属的物种之间,这对全部属于濒危或极度濒危的小猿物种的人工繁殖和野外放归十分不利。这一动物伦理上的问题在中国显得尤为突出,一方面由于中国是多种长臂猿的原始产地,另一方面是由于动物福利尚未引起足够的重视,在国外标准化的动物血统证书体系尚未建立。由于长臂猿外形较为保守,近缘种之间的外形鉴定显得尤为困难,对于近缘物种的杂交后代的鉴定就更加束手无策;相比之下,分子生物学的鉴定体系更为可靠。本文作者使用基于G带核型分析、荧光原位杂交(FISH)的核型鉴定方法以及基于PCR和测序的分子生物学方法对来自动物园和保护区的黑冠长臂猿属21只长臂猿个体进行物种鉴定。其中核型分析确认了5种核型,属于3个纯种(即黄颊长臂猿、北白颊长臂猿和南白颊长臂猿)以及2种杂交类型,与PCR和测序的结果吻合。我们的结果支持北白颊长臂猿和南白颊长臂猿的7号染色体拥有同一倒位,结束了关于这一疑问的争论。对一个体的鉴定中,核型和PCR结果出现分歧,可能由于该个体为黄颊长臂猿和南白颊长臂猿的F2代杂交个体。研究结果说明对于多次杂交后代个体的鉴定难度极高,更重要的是揭示动物福利在中国人工驯养濒危物种中稀缺。文章最后对两种鉴定方法的优缺点进行了探讨。

     

    Abstract: Gibbons and siamangs (Hylobatidae) are well-known for their rapid chromosomal evolution, which has resulted in high speciation rate within the family. On the other hand, distinct karyotypes do not prevent speciation, allowing interbreeding between individuals in captivity, and the unwanted hybrids are ethically problematic as all gibbon species are endangered or critically endangered. Thus, accurate species identification is crucial for captive breeding, particularly in China where studbooks are unavailable. Identification based on external morphology is difficult, especially for hybrids, because species are usually similar in appearance. In this study, we employed G-banding karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as a PCR-based approach to examine karyotypic characteristics and identify crested gibbons of the genus Nomascus from zoos and nature reserves in China. We characterized and identified five karyotypes from 21 individuals of Nomascus. Using karyotypes and mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we identified three purebred species and three hybrids, including one F2 hybrid between N. gabriellae and N. siki. Our results also supported that N. leucogenys and N. siki shared the same inversion on chromosome 7, which resolves arguments from previous studies. Our results demonstrated that both karyotyping and DNA-based approaches were suitable for identifying purebred species, though neither was ideal for hybrid identification. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are discussed. Our results further highlight the importance of animal ethics and welfare, which are critical for endangered species in captivity.

     

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