Abstract: The phylogeny of Diplura,an intermediate group between Entognatha and Ectognatha,is on hot debate now.Two main questions,one is whether Diplura is a monophyletic group,and the other is whether Diplura is sister group to the Insecta s.str.,constitute the contentious focuses.The settlement of these two questions is also one of the key points for resolving the phylogenetic arrangement of hexapod orders.In this paper,we reviewed the arguments and agreements about the phylogenetic position of Diplura of relevant groups based on morphological and anatomical evidences,as well as the recent advances on molecular systematics.