Abstract: Evidence for that nuclear matrix is the structural and functional organizer of eukaryotic chromatins were reviewed here.(1) Chromosomal DNA is looped into domains by attachment of the chromatin fibre to the nuclear matrix.The studies of MAR (matrix-associated region) and of the nuclear matrix proteins that bind specifically to MAR are uncovering the essence of the problem.(2) Nuclear matrix is involved in DNA replication.This has been demonstrated by evidence that replication forks,replication origins and enzymes or factors involved in replication were all matrix-associated.(3) Evidence also showed that nuclear matrix was involved in RNA transcription,processing and transport.(4) Our data showed that nuclear matrix originated very early,it was argued that its origin must be the necessity of providing new structural and functional organizer for eukaryotic chromatins when eukaryotic chromatins evolved from prokaryotic chromatins in the process of origin of the eukaryotic cell.