Abstract: An avian survey was conducted inside and outside the reserves in Xishuangbanna in December,1992,November,1993 and April through May,1993,During the survey,190 species were recorded.The species diversity was good in Passeriformes but severe in Nonpasseriformes.The diversity inside the reserve was higher than that outside ones.Longshans,the burial grounds of Dai nationality,had pretty good bird diversity,and seemed to play a special role in bird conservation.In limited time and space,habitat diversity was the main force controlling bird species diversity.Using species richness or diversity index as the only parameter might reach a wrong conclusion on evaluating conservation situation in an environment because of a majority of the common species recorded.Thus,it is suggested that the number of special bird species only recorded in one site should also be considered as a parameter in comparing bird diversity situation in different environments.