miR-34基因家族的分子进化
Molecular Evolution of miR-34 Gene Family
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摘要: 根据miRNA基因在进化中高度保守的特点，利用生物信息学方法在目前已测序的动物物种中搜寻参与哺乳动物早期发育调控的mir-34基因的同源序列，在33个不同的动物物种中获得了miR-34基因的54条同源序列，其中18条为新发现的序列。表明miR-34是高度保守的，广泛存在于后生动物中。目前发现的mir-34基因80％位于基因间隔区，少数位于蛋白编码基因的内含子区和3′UTR上。不同动物中，mir-34基因成熟序列的同源性为68%，前体序列为38.89%。在无脊椎动物中只有一个mir-34，而在几乎所有的脊椎动物中都有mir-34a，mir-34b，mir-34c, 形成miR-34基因家族。系统进化分析表明,脊椎动物中miR-34基因家族是通过基因的串联和局部重复形成的，这个过程中伴随着个别碱基的变异。Abstract: miR-34 gene can regulate early development of mammalian. Using bioinformatics analysis of sequenced metazoan genomes, 54 miR-34 genes of 33 different animal species were found. Eighteen miR-34 genes were identified in the first time, suggesting miRNA are highly conservative and widespread in Eukaryotes. Of these mir-34 gene homologues identified in metazoan, 80% locate in the intergenic region, the others are in the intron or 3′UTR of protein-coding gene. miR-34 gene is conserved in various animals, and the mature sequences and precursors of mir-34 gene in metazoan analyzed share 68% and 38.89% sequence identity, respectively. However there is only a mir-34 gene in invertebrate and three mir-34 genes, mir-34a, mir-34b and mir-34c are present in almost all vertebrate. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that the miR-34 gene family of vertebrate originated from local and tandem duplications followed by mutation of individual base after divergence from invertebrate.
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