南充雉鸡的巢址选择和春夏季栖息地选择
The Habitat and Nest-site Selection of Common Pheasants in Spring and Summer in Nanchong, China
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摘要: 2006年3—6月，采用野外直接观察法和样方法，在四川省南充市太和白鹭自然保护区对雉鸡（Phasianus colchicus）的巢址选择和春夏季栖息地选择进行了研究。通过主成分分析和对比分析，巢址选择研究结果表明：雉鸡的巢都是选择在乔木盖度小、距水距离较近、草本高度和盖度都较大的白茅(Imperata cylindrical)干草丛中；影响雉鸡巢址选择的主要因子依次为：坡度、总盖度、乔木平均胸径、乔木盖度、郁闭度、距水距离、距路距离、灌木平均高度、巢周围干草比例、裸地面积、巢上方覆盖物厚、灌木盖度和巢所在草丛宽度等13个因子。春夏季栖息地选择研究结果表明：雉鸡在春夏季倾向于在植被总盖度大、坡度适中、乔木盖度适中、草本盖度和高度较大、灌木盖度较小、灌木高度较大、隐蔽度较大、距路距离较远和郁闭度较大等的生境栖息。Abstract: From March to June, 2006, the habitat and nest-site selection of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were investigated by direct observation and sampling in the field, at the Taihe Nature Reserve in Nanchong, Sichuan Province. Based on principal component analysis and contrastive analysis, the following was discovered: Common Pheasants' nests were located in areas with a low canopy coverage, near to water, higher herbage with greater coverage, and rich in white cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) hay. The main factors which affected the nest selection of Common Pheasants are: Gradient>Overall vegetation coverage>Average diameter of trunk>Canopy coverage>Degree of darkness>Distance to water>Distance to road>Average height of shrub>Proportion of hay around nest>Proportion of naked ground>Thickness of vegetation over the nest>Shrub coverage>Width of tussock that the nest is located in. The results indicated as follows: Common Pheasants are more likely to choose habitats with the following conditions: higher shrub coverage, proper gradient and arbor canopy, higher herbage with greater coverage, lower shrub coverage, bigger shrub height, smaller degree of concealment, greater distance to road and greater degree of darkness than the contrastive samples.
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