高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿春季栖息地利用
Habitat Use of the Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong in Spring
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摘要: 2006年3月24日—5月6日，在高黎贡山赧亢片区共设置利用样地与可利用样地各30个，跟踪观察白眉长臂猿栖息地利用行为。定性因子分析表明，白眉长臂猿偏爱在东坡(Ei=0.344)活动，可能与其能提供避风的温暖微生境有关；偏爱栓皮栎(Ei=0.455)和拟樱叶柃(Ei=0.068)等乔木，可能是由于这些树种的树冠面积大，可为白眉长臂猿提供连续的移动路线和大的活动空间。定量因子分析表明，利用和可利用样地中共有12个因子(坡度，乔木和竹平均高度，乔木平均胸围，乔木和灌木盖度，乔木、竹和藤本密度，距水源、道路和草果地距离) 存在显著差异，说明白眉长臂猿对栖境的空间结构具有高度的选择性。判别分析结果显示，坡度、乔木平均胸围、竹密度、距水源距离和乔木平均高度是判别利用和可利用样地的关键因子，即为影响其生境利用的主要因子，判别正确率为98.3%。作为树栖灵长类，具有一定基面积的连续乔木［高度（14.14±3.19）m，胸围（90.72±26.12）cm］树冠层是白眉长臂猿的适宜生境；较大的坡度(39.98±8.10°)减少了来自地面的干扰；而竹林是白眉长臂猿春季重要的取食地。Abstract: During field surveys of habitat use behaviours of Hoolock gibbons (Hoolock hoolock), 30 used sites and 30 corresponding available sites were established in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, from 24th March to 6th May, 2006. Results indicated that Hoolock gibbons tended to inhabit eastern slopes (Ei=0.344) as they were relatively windproof. They also favoured the tree species Querucus acutissima (Ei=0.455) and Eurya pseudocerasifera (Ei=0.068) for their large crown, as they provide more continual movement routes and large spaces for the gibbons, compared with other plant species. Quantitative factors showed that a total of 12 factors (slope; average tree and bamboo height, average circumference of tree at breast height (ACTBH); tree and shrub coverage; tree, bamboo and lianas density; and distance to water, roads and fields of Fructus amom), were significantly different between used and available sites, which revealed high selectivity to the spatial structure of habitats. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that slope, ACTBH, bamboo density, distance to water and average tree height were the key factors, discriminating used sites from available sites, accounting for 98.3% of correct classifications. Optimal habitats of the arboreal Hoolock gibbon were characterized by having connected crowns of tall trees (14.14±3.19 m) with large basal area (ACTBH: 90.72±26.12 cm), steep slopes and high bamboo density, providing reduced ground disturbance and plentiful food for Hoolock gibbons in spring.
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