Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia

Eduard Galoyan; Alisa Bolshakova; Manush Abrahamyan; Ruzanna Petrosyan; Valeria Komarova; Victor Spangenberg; Marine Arakelyan

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.036

Volume 40 Issue 4

Jul. 2019

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Article Navigation > Zoological Research > 2019 > 40(4): 277-292

Eduard Galoyan, Alisa Bolshakova, Manush Abrahamyan, Ruzanna Petrosyan, Valeria Komarova, Victor Spangenberg, Marine Arakelyan. Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia. Zoological Research, 2019, 40(4): 277-292. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.036

Citation:

Eduard Galoyan, Alisa Bolshakova, Manush Abrahamyan, Ruzanna Petrosyan, Valeria Komarova, Victor Spangenberg, Marine Arakelyan. Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia. Zoological Research, 2019, 40(4): 277-292. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.036

Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia

doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.036

1.
Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russia
2.
Department of Zoology, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
3.
Department of Zoology, Biological Faculty of Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025,Armenia
4.
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
5.
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia

Funds: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) KOMFI 17-00-00430 (K) and 17-00-00425 and Arm_a 18-54-05020 and Russian National Foundation N14-50-00029

More Information

Corresponding author: Eduard Galoyan
Received Date: 2018-08-09
Publish Date: 2019-07-18

Abstract

Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) is suggested to be the parent for several parthenogenetic species (e.g., D. armeniaca, D. bendimahiensis, D. sapphirina, and D. unisexualis) that evolved through hybridization. Complex evolutionary processes (including reticulate evolution) are occurring within the areas where Valentin’s rock lizard coexists with these and other rock lizards. Hence, a detailed biological specification of this species is important for understanding how vertebrates evolve. Valentin’s rock lizard is a long-lived (up to 9 years), small diurnal lizard with larger females than males, which is unlike other species of the genus. Their relatively large eggs and early reproduction period, which occurs just after emergence from winter shelters, are adaptations for living in a high elevation climate (higher than 2 000 m a.s.l.). Their body temperatures (31–32 °С) are comparable to body temperatures of rock lizards living in milder climates, though female body temperature is more dependent on substrate temperature and basking due to their lower activity than that found in males. Population density fluctuates from several individuals to several hundred per hectare and is not affected by parthenogen coexistence, although hybrids do occur in sexually biased populations where males are more common than females. The male home range is larger than that of females, though these home ranges broadly overlap. Prey is not limited in the mountain meadows and Valentin’s rock lizards feed on a great variety of arthropods. Infanticide occurs in high-density populations.
- Darevskia valentini,
- Reproduction,
- Population density,
- Skeletochronology,
- Home range,
- Seasonal activity

References

[1]

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null	Blumstein D . 2000. The evolution of infanticide in rodents: a comparative analysis. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds). Infanticide by Males and Its Implications Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 178–198.
null	Bogdanov OP . 1965. Ecology of Reptiles of Middle Asia. Nauka, Tashkent.
null	Buckland ST , Burnham KP , Anderson DR , Thomas L . 1993. Distance Sampling Estimation of Abundance of Biological Populations. London: Chapman and Hall.
null	Busack SD , Salvador A , Bauer AM , Kaiser H . 2016. Darevskia and Iberolacerta (reptilia, lacertidae): arribas, 1997 or 1999? The correct dating of two nomenclatural acts affecting palearctic lizards, and validation of the name Caucasilacerta harris, Arnold & Thomas, 1998. Bionomina, 10: 61–73.
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null	Danielyan FD . 1965. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation in some forms of rock lizards(Lacerta saxicola eversmann), distributed in Armenia. Izvestia Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, 18: 75–80.(in Russian)
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null	Darevsky IS , Uzzel T , Kupriyanova LA , Danielyan FD . 1973. Hybrid triploid males in sympartric populations of parthenogenetic and biparental species of Lacerla genus. Buliten Moskovskogo Obshestva Estesvoispitateley Prirodi, 78: 48–57.(in Russian)
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null	Davies NB . 1992. Mating system. In: Krebs JR, Davies NB. Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 263–294.
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Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia

1. Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russia

2. Department of Zoology, Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia

3. Department of Zoology, Biological Faculty of Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025,Armenia

4. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia

5. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia

Funds: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) KOMFI 17-00-00430 (K) and 17-00-00425 and Arm_a 18-54-05020 and Russian National Foundation N14-50-00029

Corresponding author: Eduard Galoyan

Received Date: 2018-08-09

Publish Date: 2019-07-18

Key words:

Abstract: Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) is suggested to be the parent for several parthenogenetic species (e.g., D. armeniaca, D. bendimahiensis, D. sapphirina, and D. unisexualis) that evolved through hybridization. Complex evolutionary processes (including reticulate evolution) are occurring within the areas where Valentin’s rock lizard coexists with these and other rock lizards. Hence, a detailed biological specification of this species is important for understanding how vertebrates evolve. Valentin’s rock lizard is a long-lived (up to 9 years), small diurnal lizard with larger females than males, which is unlike other species of the genus. Their relatively large eggs and early reproduction period, which occurs just after emergence from winter shelters, are adaptations for living in a high elevation climate (higher than 2 000 m a.s.l.). Their body temperatures (31–32 °С) are comparable to body temperatures of rock lizards living in milder climates, though female body temperature is more dependent on substrate temperature and basking due to their lower activity than that found in males. Population density fluctuates from several individuals to several hundred per hectare and is not affected by parthenogen coexistence, although hybrids do occur in sexually biased populations where males are more common than females. The male home range is larger than that of females, though these home ranges broadly overlap. Prey is not limited in the mountain meadows and Valentin’s rock lizards feed on a great variety of arthropods. Infanticide occurs in high-density populations.

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Reference (1)

[1]

null	Ahmadzadeh F , Flecks M , Carretero MA , Mozaffari O , B?hme W , Harris DJ , Freitas S , R?dder D . 2013. Cryptic speciation patterns in Iranian rock lizards uncovered by integrative taxonomy. PLoS One, 8(12): e80563.
null	Anonymus . https://ru.climate-data.org. Accessed: 05.01.2018.
null	Arakelyan MS . 2002. The study of age, growth, and longevity in the triploid hybrids of rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 9(1): 63–68.
null	Arakelyan MS . 2012. Processes of species origin in sympatric populations of biparental species of rock lizards of Darevskia genus. Biological Journal of Armenia, 64: 10–15.(in Russian)
null	Arakelyan MS , Danielyan FD . 2000. Growth and age composition of some parthenogenetic and biparental species of Armenian Rock Lizards. Entomological Review, 80: 161–166.
null	Arakelyan MS , Danielyan FD , Corti C , Sindaco R , Leviton AE . 2011. Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno–Karabakh. Salt Lake City: Society for Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
null	Arribas OJ . 1999. Phylogeny and relationships of the mountain lizards of Europe and Near East (archaeolacerta mertens 1921, sensu lato) and their relationships among the Eurasian lacertid radiation. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 6(1): 1–22.
null	Arribas OJ , Ananjeva NB , Carranza S , Doronin IV , Harris DJ , Orlov NL , Orlova VF . 2017. The pernicious effect of retroactive changes in the code: Darevskia and nomenclatorial stability, a reply to Busacket al. Basic and Applied Herpetology, 31: 125–129.
null	Ataev CA . 1985. Reptiles of the Mountains of Turkmenistan. TSSR Academy of Sciences, Ashkabad. (in Russian)
null	Baird TA , Timanus DK , Sloan CL . 2003. Intra– and intersexual variation in sexual behaviour:effects of ontogeny, phenotype, resources, and season. In: Fox SF, McCoy JK, Baird TA. Lizard Social Behaviour. Baltimor and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 7–46.
null	Blumstein D . 2000. The evolution of infanticide in rodents: a comparative analysis. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds). Infanticide by Males and Its Implications Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 178–198.
null	Bogdanov OP . 1965. Ecology of Reptiles of Middle Asia. Nauka, Tashkent.
null	Buckland ST , Burnham KP , Anderson DR , Thomas L . 1993. Distance Sampling Estimation of Abundance of Biological Populations. London: Chapman and Hall.
null	Busack SD , Salvador A , Bauer AM , Kaiser H . 2016. Darevskia and Iberolacerta (reptilia, lacertidae): arribas, 1997 or 1999? The correct dating of two nomenclatural acts affecting palearctic lizards, and validation of the name Caucasilacerta harris, Arnold & Thomas, 1998. Bionomina, 10: 61–73.
null	Castanet J . 1994. Age estimation and longevity in reptiles. Gerontology, 40(2–4): 174–192.
null	Danielyan F , Arakelyan M , Stepanyan I . 2008. Hybrids of Darevskia valentini, D. armeniaca and D . unisexualis from a sympatric population in Armenia. Amphibia-Reptilia, 29(4): 487–504.
null	Danielyan FD . 1965. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation in some forms of rock lizards(Lacerta saxicola eversmann), distributed in Armenia. Izvestia Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, 18: 75–80.(in Russian)
null	Danielyan FD . 1971. A comparative study of the population density and migrations of parthenogenetic and bisexual rock lizards in Armenia. Russian Journal of Zoology, 10: 145–147.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS . 1957. Systematics and ecology of rock lizards(Lacerta saxicola eversmann). Sbornik Akademii Nauk Armenskoy SSR, 10: 27–57.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS . 1965. About one forgotten description of rock lizard (Lacerta saxicola valentini Boettger) from Armenia. Izvestia Nauk Armyansoy SSR, 18: 71–74.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS . 1967. Rock Lizards of the Caucasus (Systematics, Ecology, and Phylogeny of the Polymorphic Lizards of the Caucasus of the Subgenus Archaeolacerta). Nauka, Saint Petersburg Leningrad: Published for Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington D.C. by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Dehli.
null	Darevsky IS , Danielyan FD . 1967. Comparative study of foraging in rock lizard (Lacerta saxicola eversmann) in the conditions of Armenia. Biologiya, 105: 81–86.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS , Grechko VV , Kupriyanova LA . 2000. Lizards, reproducing without males. Priroda, 9: 131–133.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS , Kupriyanova LA . 1985. Parthenogenesis in reptiles. In: Uzzell T.Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 15, Development B. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 412–526.
null	Darevsky IS , Kupriyanova LA , Bakradze MA . 1977. Residual biparentality in parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of Lacerta genus. Journal Obshey Biologii, 38: 772–779.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS , Uzzel T , Kupriyanova LA , Danielyan FD . 1973. Hybrid triploid males in sympartric populations of parthenogenetic and biparental species of Lacerla genus. Buliten Moskovskogo Obshestva Estesvoispitateley Prirodi, 78: 48–57.(in Russian)
null	Darevsky IS , Kupriyanova LA , Uzzel T . 1985. Parthenogenesis in reptiles. In: Gans C, Billet F (eds). Biology of the Reptilian, Vol. 15. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 412–526.
null	Davies NB . 1992. Mating system. In: Krebs JR, Davies NB. Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 263–294.
null	Fisher JW , Muth A . 1989. A technique for permanently marking lizards. Herpetological Review, 20:45–46.
null	Freitas S , Rocha S , Campos J , Ahmadzadeh F , Corti C , Sillero N , Ilgaz C , Kumlutas Y , rakelyan M , Harris J , Carretero MA . 2016. Parthenogenesis through the ice ages: a biogeographic analysis of Caucasian rock lizards (genus Darevskia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 102:117–127.
null	Fu J , Murphy RW , Darevsky IS . 2000. Divergence of the cytochrome b gene in the Lacerta raddei complex and its parthenogenetic daughter species: evidence for recent multiple origins. Copeia, 2000 (2): 432–440.
null	Galoyan EA . 2010. Distribution of parthenogenetic rock lizards (Darevskia armeniaca, Darevskia unisexualis) in northern Armenia and their comparison with biparental species. Russian Journal of Zoology, 89: 470–474.(in Russian)
null	Galoyan EA . 2013a. Joint space use in a parthenogenetic Armenian rock lizard (Darevskia armeniaca) suggests weak competition among monoclonal females. Journal of Herpetology, 47(1): 97–104.
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Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) in Armenia

doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.036

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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