Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, <em>Coleps amphacanthus</em> Ehrenberg, 1833 and <em>Levicoleps biwae jejuensis</em> Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

Bo-Rong LU; Ming-Zhen MA; Feng GAO; Yu-Hong SHI; Xiang-Rui CHEN

doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

Volume 37 Issue 3

May 2016

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Article Navigation > Zoological Research > 2016 > 37(3): 176-185

Bo-Rong LU, Ming-Zhen MA, Feng GAO, Yu-Hong SHI, Xiang-Rui CHEN. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida). Zoological Research, 2016, 37(3): 176-185. doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

Citation:

Bo-Rong LU, Ming-Zhen MA, Feng GAO, Yu-Hong SHI, Xiang-Rui CHEN. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida). Zoological Research, 2016, 37(3): 176-185. doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
2 Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Funds: This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31572230) and the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2015A610263, 2015A610264)

More Information

Corresponding author: Feng GAO, Xiang-Rui CHEN
Received Date: 2016-01-20
Rev Recd Date: 2016-05-03
Publish Date: 2016-05-18

Abstract

Two colepid ciliates, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016, were first recorded in China. Their living morphology, infraciliature and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences were determined using standard methods. The improved diagnosis of Coleps amphacanthus is as follows:cell size about 100×50 μm in vivo, barrel-shaped; 22-28 ciliary rows each composed of about 14-21 monokinetids and two perioral dikinetids; 5-10 caudal cilia; and one terminal contractile vacuole. Levicoleps biwae jejuensis was also investigated, with an improved diagnosis given based on previous and present work. The phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that all Coleps species were grouped together, except for Coleps amphacanthus, which was grouped into a clade of the genus Levicoleps.
- Ciliate,
- Coleps,
- Levicoleps,
- New record,
- Phylogeny,
- SSU rRNA,
- Taxonomy

References

[1]	Chen XR, Warren A, Song WB. 2009. Taxonomic studies on a new marine ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae), isolated from Qingdao, China. Journal of Ocean University of China, 8(4):317-321.
[2]	Chen XR, Wang YG, Long HA, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Song WB. 2010. Morphological studies on two marine colepid ciliates from Qingdao, China, Nolandia orientalis spec. nov. and Pinacocoleps similis (Kahl, 1933) comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae). European Journal of Protistology, 46(4):254-262.
[3]	Chen XR, Gao S, Liu WW, Song WB, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A. 2012. Taxonomic descriptions of three marine colepid ciliates, Nolandia sinica spec. nov., Apocoleps caoi spec. nov. and Tiarina fusa (Claparède & Lachmann, 1858) Bergh, 1881 (Ciliophora, Prorodontida). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 62(3):735-744.
[4]	Chen XR, Shazib SUA, Kim JH, Shin MK. 2016. Morphological description and molecular phylogeny of two species of Levicoleps (Ciliophora, Prostomatida), L. taehwae nov. spec. and L. biwae jejuensis nov. subspec., collected in Korea. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, doi: 10.1111/jeu.12291.
[5]	Corliss JO. 1979. The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. 2^nd ed. Oxford:Pergamon Press.
[6]	Dragesco J, Dragesco-Kernéis A. 1991. Free-living ciliates from the coastal area of Lake Tanganyika (Africa). European Journal of Protistology, 26(3-4):216-235.
[7]	Ehrenberg CG. 1833. Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Berlin:Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin) aus den Jahre.
[8]	Finlay BJ, Fenchel T. 1996. Ecology:role of ciliates in the natural environment. In:Hausmann K, Bradbury PC. Ciliates:Cells As Organisms. Stuttgart:Gustav Fischer.
[9]	Foissner W. 1983. Taxonomische studien über die Ciliaten des Großglocknergebietes(Hohe Tauren, Österreich) I. Familien holophryidae, prorodontidae, plagiocampidae, colepidae, enchelyidae und lacrymariidae nov. fam. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 84B:49-85.
[10]	Foissner W. 1984. Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten(Protozoa:Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia, 12:1-165.
[11]	Foissner W, O'Donoghue PJ. 1990. Morphology and infraciliature of some freshwater ciliates (Protozoa:Ciliophora) from Western and South Australia. Invertebrate Systematics, 3(6):661-696.
[12]	Foissner W, Berger H, Kohmann F. 1994. Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems-Band III:Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 1/94:1-548.
[13]	Foissner W, Berger H, Schaumburg J. 1999. Identification and ecology of limnetic plankton ciliates. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 3/99:274-300.
[14]	Foissner W, Kusuoka Y, Shimano S. 2008. Morphology and gene sequence of Levicoleps biwae n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Protstomatida), a proposed endemic from the ancient Lake Biwa, Japan. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 55(3):185-220.
[15]	Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit:a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41:95-98.
[16]	Huttenlauch I. 1986. Morphologie und Morphogenese des Cortex von Coleps amphacanthus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 136.
[17]	Huttenlauch I. 1987. Ultrastructural aspects of the somatic and buccal infraciliature of Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg 1833. Protoplasma, 136(2-3):191-198.
[18]	Huttenlauch I, Bardele CF. 1987. Light and electron microscopical observations on the stomatogenesis of the ciliate Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833. The Journal of Protozoology, 34(2):183-192.
[19]	Kahl A. 1930. Urtiere oder Protozoa I:Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 18:1-180.
[20]	Kreutz M, Foissner W. 2006. The Sphagnum ponds of Simmelried in Germany:a biodiversity hot-spot for microscopic organisms. Protozoological Monographs, 3:1-267.
[21]	Lynn DH. 2008. The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. 3^rd ed. Dordrecht:Springer Science.
[22]	Medlin L, Elwood HJ, Stickel S, Sogin ML. 1988. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene, 71(2):491-499.
[23]	Noland LE. 1925. A review of the genus Coleps with descriptions of two new species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 44(1):3-13.
[24]	Nylander JAA. 2004. MrModeltest Version 2. Uppsala:Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
[25]	Obolkina LA. 1995. New species of the family Colepidae (Prostomatida, Ciliophora) from Lake Baikal. Zoologlchesky Zhurnal, 74(9):3-19.
[26]	Posada D, Crandall KA. 1998. Modeltest:testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14(9):817-818.
[27]	Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. 2003. MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19(12):1572-1574.
[28]	Shimodaira H. 2002. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Systematic Biology, 51:492-508.
[29]	Shimodaira H, Hasegawa M. 2001. CONSEL:for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection. Bioinformatics, 17(12):1246-1247.
[30]	Song WB, Warren A, Hu XZ. 2009. Free-living Ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Beijing:Science Press.
[31]	Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J. 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology, 57(5):758-771.
[32]	Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods). Version 4. http://www.paup.csit.fsu.edu/.
[33]	Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28(10):2731-2739.
[34]	Wilbert N. 1975. Eine verbesserte technik der protargol-imprägnierung für ciliaten. Mikrokosmos, 64(6):171-179.
[35]	Yi ZZ, Dunthorn M, Song WB, Stoeck T. 2010. Increasing taxon sampling using both unidentified environmental sequences and identified cultures improves phylogenetic inference in the Prorodontida (Ciliophora, Prostomatea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(2):937-941.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;

2 Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Funds: This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31572230) and the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2015A610263, 2015A610264)

Corresponding author: Feng GAO, Xiang-Rui CHEN

Received Date: 2016-01-20

Rev Recd Date: 2016-05-03

Publish Date: 2016-05-18

Key words:

Abstract: Two colepid ciliates, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016, were first recorded in China. Their living morphology, infraciliature and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences were determined using standard methods. The improved diagnosis of Coleps amphacanthus is as follows:cell size about 100×50 μm in vivo, barrel-shaped; 22-28 ciliary rows each composed of about 14-21 monokinetids and two perioral dikinetids; 5-10 caudal cilia; and one terminal contractile vacuole. Levicoleps biwae jejuensis was also investigated, with an improved diagnosis given based on previous and present work. The phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that all Coleps species were grouped together, except for Coleps amphacanthus, which was grouped into a clade of the genus Levicoleps.

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Reference (35)

[1]	Chen XR, Warren A, Song WB. 2009. Taxonomic studies on a new marine ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae), isolated from Qingdao, China. Journal of Ocean University of China, 8(4):317-321.
[2]	Chen XR, Wang YG, Long HA, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Song WB. 2010. Morphological studies on two marine colepid ciliates from Qingdao, China, Nolandia orientalis spec. nov. and Pinacocoleps similis (Kahl, 1933) comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae). European Journal of Protistology, 46(4):254-262.
[3]	Chen XR, Gao S, Liu WW, Song WB, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A. 2012. Taxonomic descriptions of three marine colepid ciliates, Nolandia sinica spec. nov., Apocoleps caoi spec. nov. and Tiarina fusa (Claparède & Lachmann, 1858) Bergh, 1881 (Ciliophora, Prorodontida). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 62(3):735-744.
[4]	Chen XR, Shazib SUA, Kim JH, Shin MK. 2016. Morphological description and molecular phylogeny of two species of Levicoleps (Ciliophora, Prostomatida), L. taehwae nov. spec. and L. biwae jejuensis nov. subspec., collected in Korea. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, doi:10.1111/jeu.12291.
[5]	Corliss JO. 1979. The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. 2^nd ed. Oxford:Pergamon Press.
[6]	Dragesco J, Dragesco-Kernéis A. 1991. Free-living ciliates from the coastal area of Lake Tanganyika (Africa). European Journal of Protistology, 26(3-4):216-235.
[7]	Ehrenberg CG. 1833. Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Berlin:Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin) aus den Jahre.
[8]	Finlay BJ, Fenchel T. 1996. Ecology:role of ciliates in the natural environment. In:Hausmann K, Bradbury PC. Ciliates:Cells As Organisms. Stuttgart:Gustav Fischer.
[9]	Foissner W. 1983. Taxonomische studien über die Ciliaten des Großglocknergebietes(Hohe Tauren, Österreich) I. Familien holophryidae, prorodontidae, plagiocampidae, colepidae, enchelyidae und lacrymariidae nov. fam. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 84B:49-85.
[10]	Foissner W. 1984. Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten(Protozoa:Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia, 12:1-165.
[11]	Foissner W, O'Donoghue PJ. 1990. Morphology and infraciliature of some freshwater ciliates (Protozoa:Ciliophora) from Western and South Australia. Invertebrate Systematics, 3(6):661-696.
[12]	Foissner W, Berger H, Kohmann F. 1994. Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems-Band III:Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 1/94:1-548.
[13]	Foissner W, Berger H, Schaumburg J. 1999. Identification and ecology of limnetic plankton ciliates. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 3/99:274-300.
[14]	Foissner W, Kusuoka Y, Shimano S. 2008. Morphology and gene sequence of Levicoleps biwae n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Protstomatida), a proposed endemic from the ancient Lake Biwa, Japan. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 55(3):185-220.
[15]	Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit:a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41:95-98.
[16]	Huttenlauch I. 1986. Morphologie und Morphogenese des Cortex von Coleps amphacanthus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 136.
[17]	Huttenlauch I. 1987. Ultrastructural aspects of the somatic and buccal infraciliature of Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg 1833. Protoplasma, 136(2-3):191-198.
[18]	Huttenlauch I, Bardele CF. 1987. Light and electron microscopical observations on the stomatogenesis of the ciliate Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833. The Journal of Protozoology, 34(2):183-192.
[19]	Kahl A. 1930. Urtiere oder Protozoa I:Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prostomata. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 18:1-180.
[20]	Kreutz M, Foissner W. 2006. The Sphagnum ponds of Simmelried in Germany:a biodiversity hot-spot for microscopic organisms. Protozoological Monographs, 3:1-267.
[21]	Lynn DH. 2008. The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. 3^rd ed. Dordrecht:Springer Science.
[22]	Medlin L, Elwood HJ, Stickel S, Sogin ML. 1988. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene, 71(2):491-499.
[23]	Noland LE. 1925. A review of the genus Coleps with descriptions of two new species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 44(1):3-13.
[24]	Nylander JAA. 2004. MrModeltest Version 2. Uppsala:Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
[25]	Obolkina LA. 1995. New species of the family Colepidae (Prostomatida, Ciliophora) from Lake Baikal. Zoologlchesky Zhurnal, 74(9):3-19.
[26]	Posada D, Crandall KA. 1998. Modeltest:testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14(9):817-818.
[27]	Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. 2003. MrBayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19(12):1572-1574.
[28]	Shimodaira H. 2002. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Systematic Biology, 51:492-508.
[29]	Shimodaira H, Hasegawa M. 2001. CONSEL:for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection. Bioinformatics, 17(12):1246-1247.
[30]	Song WB, Warren A, Hu XZ. 2009. Free-living Ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Beijing:Science Press.
[31]	Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J. 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology, 57(5):758-771.
[32]	Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods). Version 4. http://www.paup.csit.fsu.edu/.
[33]	Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28(10):2731-2739.
[34]	Wilbert N. 1975. Eine verbesserte technik der protargol-imprägnierung für ciliaten. Mikrokosmos, 64(6):171-179.
[35]	Yi ZZ, Dunthorn M, Song WB, Stoeck T. 2010. Increasing taxon sampling using both unidentified environmental sequences and identified cultures improves phylogenetic inference in the Prorodontida (Ciliophora, Prostomatea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(2):937-941.

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

Abstract

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;

2 Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Corresponding author: Feng GAO, Xiang-Rui CHEN

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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

Abstract

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two colepid species from China, Coleps amphacanthus Ehrenberg, 1833 and Levicoleps biwae jejuensis Chen et al., 2016 (Ciliophora, Prostomatida)

doi: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.176

1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; 2 Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Corresponding author: Feng GAO, Xiang-Rui CHEN

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1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;

2 Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China