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张云, 王齐权, 赵重, 邓成捷. 2021: 动物分泌型内吞溶酶体通道的发现. 动物学研究, 42(2): 141-152. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.358
引用本文: 张云, 王齐权, 赵重, 邓成捷. 2021: 动物分泌型内吞溶酶体通道的发现. 动物学研究, 42(2): 141-152. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.358
Yun Zhang, Qi-Quan Wang, Zhong Zhao, Cheng-Jie Deng. 2021. Animal secretory endolysosome channel discovery. Zoological Research, 42(2): 141-152. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.358
Citation: Yun Zhang, Qi-Quan Wang, Zhong Zhao, Cheng-Jie Deng. 2021. Animal secretory endolysosome channel discovery. Zoological Research, 42(2): 141-152. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.358

动物分泌型内吞溶酶体通道的发现

Animal secretory endolysosome channel discovery

  • 摘要: 分泌型孔道形成蛋白(pore-forming proteins, PFPs)广泛分布于自然界的各种生物物种中。我们以两栖动物大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)为模型开展的研究发现:细菌孔道形成毒素家族(aerolysin family)蛋白(af-PFPs)和三叶因子(trefoil factors, TFFs)在大蹼铃蟾中广泛分布,而且它们之间存在相互作用网络。首先,大蹼铃蟾af-PFP蛋白BmALP1可被其同源蛋白BmALP3进行氧浓度依赖的负调控,造成 BmALP1蛋白可在其活性(单体)和非活性形式(同源二聚体或多聚体)之间进行可逆性的转变。其次,活性形式的BmALP1可与BmTFF3相互作用以形成具有细胞活性的复合物βγ-CAT。该孔道形成蛋白复合物的特性在于通过受体介导的内吞(endocytosis)进入细胞并在内吞溶酶体上(endolysosomes)形成物质通道调控内吞溶酶体的生化特性,包括刺激和参与细胞巨胞饮(macropinocytosis)的作用。βγ-CAT复合物还同时具有诱导和调节细胞胞吐(exocytosis)的作用。取决于细胞类型和状态以及细胞外环境,βγ-CAT的细胞作用和效应可促进大蹼铃蟾的物质(例如水、营养成分、代谢物和外来抗原等)吸收和囊泡化运输以及胞内物质交换与外排,同时维持粘膜屏障和免疫防御的功能。基于已有的实验证据,我们提出了分泌型内吞溶酶体通道(secretory endolysosome channel, SELC)的创新性慨念并提出了SELC细胞通路的特征框架,两栖动物大蹼铃蟾βγ-CAT是第一个被实验验证了的SELC蛋白实例。鉴于新发现的SELC蛋白以及相应细胞作用通路在细胞与环境相互作用和环境适应中发挥的基础作用,它们在生物体,特别是脊椎动物物种中,应该具有进化上的保守性。

     

    Abstract: Secretory pore-forming proteins (PFPs) have been identified in organisms from all kingdoms of life. Our studies with the toad species Bombina maxima found an interaction network among aerolysin family PFPs (af-PFPs) and trefoil factors (TFFs). As a toad af-PFP, BmALP1 can be reversibly regulated between active and inactive forms, with its paralog BmALP3 acting as a negative regulator. BmALP1 interacts with BmTFF3 to form a cellular active complex called βγ-CAT. This PFP complex is characterized by acting on endocytic pathways and forming pores on endolysosomes, including stimulating cell macropinocytosis. In addition, cell exocytosis can be induced and/or modulated in the presence of βγ-CAT. Depending on cell contexts and surroundings, these effects can facilitate the toad in material uptake and vesicular transport, while maintaining mucosal barrier function as well as immune defense. Based on experimental evidence, we hereby propose a secretory endolysosome channel (SELC) pathway conducted by a secreted PFP in cell endocytic and exocytic systems, with βγ-CAT being the first example of a SELC protein. With essential roles in cell interactions and environmental adaptations, the proposed SELC protein pathway should be conserved in other living organisms.

     

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