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来鑫磊, 周文良, 郜华磊, 王勐, 高凯, 张保卫, 魏辅文, 聂永刚. 2020: 同域分布食肉动物对野生大熊猫巢穴选择的影响. 动物学研究, 41(3): 273-280. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.027
引用本文: 来鑫磊, 周文良, 郜华磊, 王勐, 高凯, 张保卫, 魏辅文, 聂永刚. 2020: 同域分布食肉动物对野生大熊猫巢穴选择的影响. 动物学研究, 41(3): 273-280. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.027
Xin-Lei Lai, Wen-Liang Zhou, Hua-Lei Gao, Meng Wang, Kai Gao, Bao-Wei Zhang, Fu-Wen Wei, Yong-Gang Nie. 2020: Impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas. Zoological Research, 41(3): 273-280. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.027
Citation: Xin-Lei Lai, Wen-Liang Zhou, Hua-Lei Gao, Meng Wang, Kai Gao, Bao-Wei Zhang, Fu-Wen Wei, Yong-Gang Nie. 2020: Impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas. Zoological Research, 41(3): 273-280. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.027

同域分布食肉动物对野生大熊猫巢穴选择的影响

Impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas

  • 摘要: 种间捕杀是导致某些动物物种存活率低的主要原因。大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)幼仔一般被认为是晚成性,与其它动物相比,其幼仔出生时非常脆弱,这直接影响雌性个体对繁殖巢穴的选择。我们利用红外相机技术对佛坪国家自然保护区的大熊猫潜在巢穴进行了长达五年多的监测,以确定同域物种如何影响野生雌性大熊猫的巢穴选择。结果表明,亚洲黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)和果子狸(Paguma larvata)等食肉动物频繁出现在大熊猫洞穴,而这些食肉动物的到访对雌性大熊猫产仔洞穴的选择产生了负面影响。有趣的是,雌性大熊猫对啮齿类和鸟类的出现并不敏感,甚至更偏好选择啮齿类和鸟类丰度指数高的巢穴,这些物种的出现似乎在一定程度表明了巢穴的安全性。我们引入巢穴适宜性指数(DSI) 来评估巢穴是否适合雌性大熊猫产仔和育幼,结果显示DSI是一个评估巢穴适宜性的可靠工具,雌性大熊猫优先选择具有高DSI值的巢穴。本研究提高了我们对雌性大熊猫繁殖巢穴选择标准和幼仔生存所受主要威胁的认识,为该物种的保护和管理提供了重要的指导作用。

     

    Abstract: Interspecific killing is a primary reason for the low survival rates of some animal species. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial eutherian mammal and thus, in comparison to other infants, panda cubs are highly vulnerable, which may significantly influence the selection of breeding sites by females. Here, we used infrared camera traps to monitor giant panda dens for 5.5 years in Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR) to determine how interspecific factors affect den selection by wild female pandas. Results indicated that Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), yellow-throated martens (Martes flavigula), leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis), and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) visited the dens frequently, and the presence of these species negatively influenced den selection by female pandas. Interestingly, the presence of rodents and terrestrial birds appeared to indicate den safety, and female giant pandas were not averse and even preferred dens with a high abundance index of rodents and terrestrial birds. The den suitability index (DSI) was a reliable tool for evaluating whether dens were suitable for female giant pandas to give birth to and rear cubs, with preference for dens with high DSI values. This study increases our understanding of the den selection criteria of female giant pandas and the main threats to the survival of their cubs, thus providing important guidance for the conservation and management of this species.

     

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