Abstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD), commonly known as depression, is a mental disease characterized by a core symptom of low mood. It lasts at least two weeks (
Badamasi et al., 2019;
Wang et al., 2019) and is frequently accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in routinely enjoyable activities, low energy, and unexplained pain (
Huey et al., 2018;
Park et al., 2012;
Post & Warden, 2018;
Rice et al., 2019;
Xiao et al., 2018). Approximately 2%–8% of adults with MDD commit suicide (Richards & O'Hara, 2014;
Strakowski & Nelson, 2015), and around half of suicidal individuals suffer depression or other mood disorders (
Bachmann, 2018).
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