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翟东东, 李文静, 刘焕章, 曹文宣, 高欣. 2019: 长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红鲌的遗传多样性及其时间变化. 动物学研究, 40(5): 427-438. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.027
引用本文: 翟东东, 李文静, 刘焕章, 曹文宣, 高欣. 2019: 长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红鲌的遗传多样性及其时间变化. 动物学研究, 40(5): 427-438. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.027
Dong-Dong Zhai, Wen-Jing Li, Huan-Zhang Liu, Wen-Xuan Cao, Xin Gao. 2019: Genetic diversity and temporal changes of an endemic cyprinid fish species, Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, from the upper reaches of Yangtze River. Zoological Research, 40(5): 427-438. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.027
Citation: Dong-Dong Zhai, Wen-Jing Li, Huan-Zhang Liu, Wen-Xuan Cao, Xin Gao. 2019: Genetic diversity and temporal changes of an endemic cyprinid fish species, Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, from the upper reaches of Yangtze River. Zoological Research, 40(5): 427-438. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.027

长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红鲌的遗传多样性及其时间变化

Genetic diversity and temporal changes of an endemic cyprinid fish species, Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, from the upper reaches of Yangtze River

  • 摘要: 小种群的遗传多样性较低,灭绝概率较高,了解小种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构状况及其对人为活动的遗传响应有助于制定保护措施。本研究利用线粒体cyt b基因和微卫星两种分子标记,分析了2016–2017年长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红鲌5个不同地理种群(龙溪河、赤水河、木洞河、磨刀溪、大宁河)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明,黑尾近红鲌5个不同地理种群的单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性和期望杂合度等遗传多样性指标均较低,明显低于2001年的水平。遗传分化指数FST结果显示不同地理种群之间存在显著的遗传分化,但是,在2001年,这些地理种群之间没有明显的遗传分化。单倍型网络图结果显示有8/15的单倍型只属于其中一个地理种群。微卫星遗传结构分析结果显示在黑尾近红鲌的样本中存在4个遗传簇,赤水河和木洞河种群属于同一个簇,其余的地理种群都是单独的簇。总体而言,长江上游黑尾近红鲌种群出现了遗传多样性下降和地理种群分化的现象,主要原因可能是水坝建设、过度捕捞和水环境污染等。因此,建议禁止捕捞,控制污染,恢复河流连通性和开展人工增殖放流。

     

    Abstract: Small populations with low genetic diversity are prone to extinction. Knowledge on the genetic diversity and structure of small populations and their genetic response to anthropogenic effects are of critical importance for conservation management. In this study, samples of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, an endemic cyprinid fish from the upper reaches of Yangtze River, were collected from five sites to analyze their genetic diversity and population structure using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 14 microsatellite loci. Haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and expected heterozygosity indicated that the A. nigrocauda populations had low genetic diversity, and decreased heavily from 2001 to 2016. Significant genetic differentiation was found among different populations in the cyt b gene and SSR markers based on the genetic differentiation index (F ST), whereas no differentiation was found in 2001. Haplotype genealogy showed that eight out of 15 haplotypes were private to one population. The SSR STRUCTURE analysis showed that there were four genetic clusters in the A. nigrocauda samples, with each population forming a single cluster, except for the Chishui River (CSR) and Mudong River (MDR) populations, which formed a common cluster. Therefore, loss of genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation were found in the A. nigrocauda populations, which could be attributed to dam construction, overfishing, and water pollution in the upper Yangtze River. It is therefore recommended that the government should ban fishing, control water pollution, increase river connectivity, and establish artificial breeding and stocking.

     

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