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白德凤, 陈鹏举, Luciano Atzeni, 拉巴次仁, 李潜, 时坤. 2018: 基于MaxEnt模型的珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区雪豹生境适宜性评价. 动物学研究, 39(6): 373-386. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.057
引用本文: 白德凤, 陈鹏举, Luciano Atzeni, 拉巴次仁, 李潜, 时坤. 2018: 基于MaxEnt模型的珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区雪豹生境适宜性评价. 动物学研究, 39(6): 373-386. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.057
De-Feng Bai, Peng-Ju Chen, Luciano Atzeni, Lhaba Cering, Qian Li, Kun Shi. 2018: Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling. Zoological Research, 39(6): 373-386. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.057
Citation: De-Feng Bai, Peng-Ju Chen, Luciano Atzeni, Lhaba Cering, Qian Li, Kun Shi. 2018: Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling. Zoological Research, 39(6): 373-386. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.057

基于MaxEnt模型的珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区雪豹生境适宜性评价

Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling

  • 摘要: 栖息地评估是野生动物管理和保护政策制定重要且基础的一步。地理信息系统(GIS)和大量的物种出现点的数据相结合使得我们能够对野生动物的栖息地进行评价。最大熵模型(MaxEnt)被广泛应用于物种栖息地适宜性评价。为了调查珠峰自然保护区雪豹栖息地分布,2014-2017年间,我们运用样线法收集了雪豹足迹痕迹127处,刨痕415处和粪便样本127份,并在87处红外相机位点拍摄到红外相机影响资料。我们运用MaxEnt模型来了解珠峰自然保护区雪豹适宜栖息地的分布情况。结果表明MaxEnt模型的可靠性非常高 (Mean AUC = 0.921)。最干季度的降水量、崎岖度、海拔、最热月份的最高温和年平均降雨量是影响雪豹栖息地适宜性的主要环境因素,贡献率分别占20.0%、14.4%、13.3%、8.7%和8.2%。较适宜栖息地面积为7001.93 km2, 占整个保护区面积的22.72%。主要的适宜栖息地分布在靠近尼泊尔的边境地区且分成了相互分离的三大斑块。在珠峰自然保护区,降雨、温度状况、崎岖度和4000 m 左右的海拔可能影响雪豹对栖息地的选择偏好。建议与尼泊尔开展合作以了解栖息地的连通性并探究在这三个栖息地斑块之间是否存在种群隔离。同时,有必要对珠峰自然保护区保护区区域(核心区、缓冲区和实验区)的划分进行评估以提升保护战略的制定以及保护行动的实施。

     

    Abstract: Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning. Geographic information system (GIS) and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties. To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest, QNNR) National Nature Reserve, Tibet, China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014–2017. We adopted the MaxEnt model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the MaxEnt model was excellent (mean AUC=0.921). Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively. The suitable habitat area extended for 7001.93 km2, representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches. Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4000 m influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore, evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection.

     

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